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英语动词变化 动词后加-ing的规则

动词后加-ing的规则  

1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:

cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing

2.以-e结尾的动词   

(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:  

write—writing,,oweowing,cure—curing ,plane—planing, breathe—breathing

pace—pacing,starve—starving,ease---easing

(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:  

die—dying,tie—tying, lie—lying    

(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:  

  see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,

hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing    

(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:  

argue----arguing,rescue—rescuing,barbeque—barbequing,

pursue—pursuing, value(定价)valuing,

有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:  glue—gluing/glueing,

 blue—blueing/bluing,true—truing/trueing,clue—clueing/cluing  queue—queueing/queuing,3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词   

(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:   run—running,

 stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring,

 control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):

  tax—taxing,relax—relaxing  

(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:

  kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing   

(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:   

 open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing

但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:  

 worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,

cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling   

 以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。

4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:  

  pay—paying,destroydestroying , throw—throwing, employ—employing

5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:  

panic—panicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking (进行交易,做买卖 )

 这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:   

   其实,保持发音不变是英语中的一条一般规则。再如,在-ing前面无论是增加、保留还是去掉一个字母,都倾向于保留原先的长元音或短元音的发音:

  hoping与hopping staring与starring planing与planning

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