英语使役动词全解：核心用法+分类梳理

英语中“使役概念”涵盖两类表达，一类是大家熟知的核心使役动词（make, have, let），后接不带to的不定式作宾补；另一类是数量更多、用法灵活的广义使役意义动词，二者逻辑相通但用法有差异。本次将按“纯使役动词→使役意义静态动词→使役意义动态动词→半使役动词”分类，逐一拆解用法、搭配及例句，逻辑清晰、适配教学与备考场景，便于理解记忆。一、 纯使役动词：make, have, let（基础必掌握）（一）have：“让、使”，用法最丰富1. have+宾语+省to不定式：表主语让宾语主动做某事，强调一次性动作

The manager had his assistant arrange the meeting immediately.

经理让助理立刻安排会议

She will have her brother pick up the package after school.

她会让哥哥放学后取包裹

2. have+宾语+现在分词：表让宾语持续做某事/处于某状态，主动关系

The boss had the staff working on the project till midnight.

老板让员工们做项目到深夜

We had the fire burning to keep warm in the cold night.

我们让火一直燃着，好在寒夜里取暖

3. have+宾语+过去分词：表“让他人代做”（主谓宾动宾关系）或“主语遭遇不测”

She had her hair cut in the new salon downtown.

她去市中心新开的沙龙剪了头发

He had his phone damaged by the heavy rain yesterday.

昨天他的手机被大雨弄坏了

4. have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语：表让宾语处于某状态

Please have your passports valid when crossing the border.

过境时请确保护照有效

The teacher had all the students in the classroom before class.

老师让所有学生课前都到了教室（二）let：“让、允许”，语气较委婉1. let+宾语+省to不定式：表主动让宾语做某事，日常与祈使句中常用

Let the kids play in the yard under adult supervision.

让孩子们在大人看护下在院子里玩

Let the data speak for itself in the report.

让报告里的数据自己说明问题

2. let+宾语+副词/介词短语：表让宾语发生位置或状态变化

Let the fresh air in and the stale air out.

让新鲜空气进来，污浊空气出去

Who let the strangers into the confidential office?

谁允许陌生人进入涉密办公室的（三）make：“使、迫使”，语气较强，可用于被动1. make+宾语+省to不定式：表迫使宾语主动做某事，被动语态中需还原to

The strict rule made everyone follow the traffic regulations strictly.

严苛的规定让所有人都严格遵守交通规则

The young man was made to apologize for his rude words.

这个年轻人被迫为自己的无礼言论道歉

2. make+宾语+过去分词：表让宾语被……，宾语为人时常接反身代词

She spoke louder to make herself understood by the whole audience.

她提高音量，好让全场观众都听清自己的话

They made the new policy known to every citizen in the community.

他们让社区里每位居民都知晓了新政策

3. make+宾语+形容词/从句：表使宾语产生某种情绪或状态

The warm welcome made the foreign guests feel at home.

热情的欢迎让外宾倍感亲切

She made it clear that she would not give up the chance.

她明确表示不会放弃这个机会二、 使役意义静态动词：表“使保持/处于某种状态”此类动词不直接表“迫使做某事”，而是侧重让宾语维持或达成某种状态，常见有get, leave, set, send, keep, drive等，均适配复合结构。1. get：使达成某结果，接带to的不定式作宾补

He can’t get the old computer to run smoothly again.

他没法让旧电脑重新顺畅运行

My mom got the whole family prepared for the weekend trip.

妈妈让全家都做好了周末出行的准备

2. leave：使保持原有状态，表“留下、搁置”

Leave the documents on my desk for further checking.

把文件留在我桌上，方便后续核对

Don’t leave the little kid waiting outside alone after dark.

天黑后别让小孩独自在外面等

Leave this matter aside and discuss it tomorrow.

这事先搁置，明天再议

3. set：使处于特定状态，搭配固定短语居多

set the customers at ease

让顾客放下顾虑

set the engine running before departure

出发前启动发动机

The touching story set all the listeners thinking deeply.

这个感人的故事让所有听众陷入沉思

4. send：使某物/人急剧移动，表“使坠落、使飞奔”

The strong wind sent the leaves flying all over the street.

大风把树叶吹得满街乱飞

The sudden noise sent the birds flying away in panic.

突如其来的响声吓得鸟儿仓皇飞走

5. drive：迫使某人处于某种情绪/处境，语气较强

The endless delays drove the passengers to anger.

无休止的延误让乘客们怒火中烧

The heavy pressure at work drove her to take a short break.

繁重的工作压力迫使她短暂休整

6. keep：使持续保持某状态

Keep the classroom clean and tidy every day.

每天保持教室干净整洁）

The nurse kept the patient company until his family arrived.（注意这里的company是名词）

护士一直陪着病人，直到他的家人赶来三、 使役意义动态动词：表“致使、强迫”，强调动作结果（一）cause：致使、导致，可接单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语What caused the sudden power cut in the neighborhood?

是什么导致小区突然停电

The bad weather caused us great trouble during the journey.

糟糕的天气给我们的行程带来了极大麻烦

What caused the flowers to wilt so quickly?

是什么让这些花这么快就枯萎了（二）force：强迫、迫使，侧重“违背意愿的强制”常用搭配：force one’s way into the room (强行闯进房间); force students to finish homework on time(强迫学生按时完成作业); force her into accepting the decision (强迫她接受这个决定)

The urgent situation forced them to change their original plan.

紧急情况迫使他们改变了原定计划

He forced himself to get up early to practice oral English.

他强迫自己早起练习英语口语四、 半使役动词：表“使（人）产生某种情绪”，与纯使役动词相对

纯使役动词只管动作，用法固定。半使役动词只管情绪，用法灵活。这样一对比就起了“半使役动词”这个通俗易懂的名称

（一）常见词汇amaze（使惊讶）、astonish（使惊奇）、bore（使厌倦）、delight（使愉悦）、disappoint（使失望）、excite（使兴奋）、frighten（使恐惧）、interest（使感兴趣）、satisfy（使满意）、surprise（使吃惊）、shock（使震惊）、tire（使疲惫）、upset（使沮丧）等。（二）核心用法1. 主动式：事物作主语+动词+人，表“某物让某人产生某种感受”

Her creative design delighted all the judges in the competition.

她富有创意的设计让比赛中所有评委都很满意

The unexpected result disappointed all the supporters.

出乎意料的结果让所有支持者都很失望

2. 派生形容词：均有两种形式，用法规律明确

- 加-ing：修饰事物，表“令人……的”，作定语/表语- 加-ed：修饰人/人的表情、心理，表“对……感到……的”，作表语/定语

The documentary about wildlife is extremely fascinating.

这部关于野生动物的纪录片极具吸引力

We are all fascinated by the colorful underwater world.

我们都被五彩斑斓的水下世界吸引了

The terrifying thunderstorm made the little girl terrified.

可怕的雷雨让小女孩满心恐惧

3. 特殊派生：部分词有第三种形容词（加其他后缀）

please→pleasing（令人愉悦的）、pleased（感到愉悦的）、pleasant（宜人的）

satisfy→satisfying（令人满足的）、satisfied（感到满足的）、satisfactory（符合要求的）结尾总结英语使役类动词的核心逻辑是“主语促使宾语发生动作或状态变化”，核心使役动词（make/have/let）是基础框架，广义使役意义动词是功能延伸，半使役动词则聚焦情绪层面的“使影响”，掌握分类逻辑与固定搭配，就能精准运用、避免误区。