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举例分析:低分作文基本是中式英语害的

书面表达作为高考主观题中一项重要的语言输出项目,主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力,它要求考生根据设计者所控制的体裁、题材、信息、篇章等要求,在限定的时间内写成有字数要求的文章,如80字的应用文或120字的读后续写。

低分原因分析


汉语思维或中式表达


受母语思维影响,学生容易写出中式英语的表达,这些表达往往因无法达到交际目的而被扣分。

请看学生写的一段便条:

This morning at 8 o’clock I came to Great Wall Hotel to inform you to listen a lecture, but you were not there, so I am writing this message to you. And I have told Susan this thing.

从这段话可看出学生思路清晰,表达清楚,但中式表达(划线部分)过于明显。试问这样的文章又如何能得高分呢?


那么中式英语一般都以什么形式出现呢?

主要是这三种:词汇误用、搭配不当、用词累赘。

比如:

“你能介绍一本好书给我吗?”

Could you introduce me a good book?  ×

Can you recommend a good book?   √

学习知识

learn knowledge ×

gain / acquire knowledge. 

No.1

写作分低,多是因“用词不当”被扣分


1. 搭配错误
英语中有很多使用上的固定搭配用法,正确使用词汇搭配成为学习的难点,对于英语写作尤其重要。


搭配错误率存在高,多是由于学生逐字翻译而导致的。当学生需要用某个单词来表达,但一时想不到该词,于是就错误地用一个近义词,甚至自己造一个词来代替。这样就会出现中式英语、用法不地道的问题。


比如,当学习者想要说 set off fireworks 而又没想到 set off 时,他们就会用 play fireworks。

语言实例:

By reading books, people can learn knowledge that the people in the past create.

搭配 learn knowledge 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:王同学 广东


Reading on a people growth and the study has an important impact.

a people growth,本族语中很少使用。

来源:施同学 广东


As James Cameron put it, imagination feeds exploration.

搭配 feed exploration 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:郑同学 福建


We are able to better grasp the theoretical knowledge through practice.

搭配 grasp knowledge 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:褚同学 湖南


Read more books, can let you feel that there are a lot of writing inspiration.

搭配 write inspiration 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:卞同学 山东


Roaming in the ocean of the book is also a happy thing.

请检查 the ocean of the book,本族语中很少使用。

来源:丁同学 陕西


Reading can not only increase knowledge but also can purify the human's mind.

表达不规范,increase knowledge 在本族语中很少使用,建议修改。

来源:罗同学 四川


However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical.

搭配不当, book knowledge 本族语语料库中无此用法。

来源:李同学 山东


Secondly, as for a student we can rich in knowledge from reading a large number of books.

搭配不当,can rich in 不规范,建议修改。

来源:曹同学 吉林


We can growth much knowledge which we do not achieve in classes.

请检查 growth much knowledge,本族语中很少使用。

来源:李同学 贵州


So, I used to soak the library.

搭配 soak library 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:王同学 湖北


With time comes a broad noble mind, a shining pearl among the mass.

请检查 a broad noble mind,本族语中很少使用。

来源:英同学 江西


Book is a source of human wisdom, the ladder of human progress and the spirit food of human.

请检查 the spirit food,本族语中很少使用。

来源:谷同学 河北


However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless.

搭配不当,book knowledge 本族语语料库中无此用法。

来源:姚同学 江苏


There is old saying read is a critical part of learning and growth.

请检查 old saying read,本族语中很少使用。

来源:金同学 河北


Life in the future I will be careful to read books to increase my knowledge and ready to help people in life I think reading is important in the whole life for people.

表达不规范,increase knowledge 在本族语中很少使用,建议修改。

来源:缪同学 江苏


It is can become some possible development.

确认 become development 搭配正确。

来源:边同学 北京


As we all know, read millions of books, travel millions miles.

请检查 travel millions miles,本族语中很少使用。

来源:黄同学 四川


It will take them to the right life way in the beginning.

请检查 the right life way,本族语中很少使用。

来源:汪同学 江苏


I began to contact book, because I have a precocious sister.

搭配 contact book 在语料库中无此用法,疑似中式英语。

来源:王同学 北京


2. 词性误用
说明:所谓词性误用情况,就是学生在使用单词的过程中,没有考虑单词的词性和词法功能,单纯从词义对照的角度出发来运用单词,从而出现的错误现象。从学生的作文情况来看,词性误用现象非常之普遍,误用的形式也多种多样。

语言实例:
But meanwhile, doing is also the basic of things, as the old saying goes "practice makes perfect".

请检查 basic,形容词误用。

来源:赵同学 广东


I think this is the charming of reading.

请检查 charming,形容词误用。

来源:王同学 山东


The effects that reading makes would benefit to our life and we can't learn these in practical.

in practical 疑似词性误用。

来源:张同学 陕西


We need both of this two.

请检查 this two 名词词组。

来源:蒲同学 陕西


We all know that reading can broad our horizons.

broad 疑似词性误用。

来源:莫同学 四川


However, in recently years, we have been taught the importance of practice.

recently 疑似词性误用。

来源:娜同学 湖北


Nutrient from books is a kind of nourishment for the mind which make him break away from the dirty in the real life.

请检查 dirty,形容词误用。

来源:梁同学 广东


I believe the knowledge books have more powerful than I imagine.

powerful 疑似词性误用。

来源:铁同学 广东


Reading makes us rich in spiritual.

spiritual 疑似词性误用。

来源:文同学 湖北


Besides, we will find more joyful from books.

joyful 疑似词性误用。

来源:党同学 广西


You will never know the beautiful of the world just from book, you should watch it with you own eyes.

请检查 beautiful,形容词误用。

来源:杨同学 江苏


So I believe that reading is a critical of learning and growth.

请检查 critical,形容词误用。

来源:周同学 四川


The more books you read, the more advantages you have when you live in modern social.

请检查 modern social 名词词组。

来源:杨同学 江苏


Reading will take us to the successful of the life, and it was pretty cool because you can get a nice life choise so, reading is important to us.

请检查 successful,形容词误用。

来源:陈同学 江苏


Nowadays, with the development of educational.

educational 疑似词性误用。

来源:周同学 四川


On example, if you want to engage in financial work, you must read many books about economic.

economic 疑似词性误用。

来源:冯同学 四川


Reading takes a great influential for people's growing.

influential 疑似词性误用。

来源:兰同学 天津


You will find the beneficial of reading.

请检查 beneficial,形容词误用。

来源:祝同学 广东


The higher level is those who can enjoy the classic literary and understand what the writer wants to express.

literary 疑似词性误用。

来源:沈同学 江苏


Reading can give me a great willing.

willing 疑似词性误用。

来源:耿同学 江苏

图片

No.2

到底该如何学单词?


一个常见的误区是学生对照词汇表一个个记忆。但实际上这样记住的单词效率不仅低,而且很难用上。比较靠谱的记忆就是记住词的搭配。


图片

单纯这样记忆肯定不妥,必须讲清核心词的搭配方可:


话说able有两大构词:enable使人有能力, unable不能的, disable(使人不能), ability能力

注意:enable sb to do有时等于make…possible/impossible


说到able就要注意它的名词形式

例如:

She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.

她有能力简单扼要地把事情解释清楚。


 He's a writer of remarkable ability.

他是个才华横溢的作家。


enable的举例:

a number of courses are available to enable an understanding of a broad range of issues.

有许多课程可供学习,有助于弄懂方方面面的问题。


a new rule for training to enable young people to make the most of their potential.

能够使年轻人充分发挥潜能的新培训规章。


有enable必然有disable,它的搭配和prevent相似:

She was disabled from walking by a fall.

她跌倒以后连路也不能走了。


able的用法:be able to do, 你有三种说法可以替换它:


manage to do

be capable of doing

succeed in doing…


有能力的,一般都可以说是:

talent天赋

gift天赋

capacity能力

genius天才

capability能力

(以上都是名词)

talent搭配要留心:

Her talent for music showed at an early age.

她小时候就表现出了音乐天赋。


an effort to develop his creative talents to the full.

为充分发挥他的创造才能而作的努力。


The theatre visits schools to tap young talent.

剧院人员造访学校物色年轻人才。


gift其实和talent 天赋相似搭配:

have a gift for [something]/doing [something] 

有某种/做某事的天赋


He has a gift for languages.

他有语言天赋。

根据观察,有ability的人,通常都具备以下特征:

第一类:

effective 有效率的;

proficient 熟练的(四级词汇);

brilliant 才华横溢的;

efficient 高效率的;

capable 有能力的;

handy 灵巧的;

accomplished 有成就的

说到effective,其实我们很多人并非了解其搭配,来看看:

effective measures to reduce unemployment.

减少失业人数的有效措施。


You need effective communication within the organization. 

你们需要在组织内部开展有效的交流。


This is a very effective way of controlling pests and weeds. 

这是一个控制害虫与野草的有效办法。


而proficient实际上是合并了professor和efficient而来的:

She's proficient in two languages.

她精通两种语言。


It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it.

你得开上几年车才能熟练自如。


过去我们总是说wonderful,该换换brilliant啦:

a brilliant idea.

我觉得那是个绝妙的主意。


a brilliant performance. 

精湛的演出。


a brilliant young musician.

一位才华横溢的年轻音乐家。


知道effective,也不能忘记了efficient的搭配:

be efficient at doing [something] 做某事效率高

make efficient use of energy 有效利用能源


而handy被忽略的一个搭配:

Don't throw those bottles away - they'll come in handy (= be useful) for the picnic next Sunday.

别把那些瓶子扔掉——下周日出去野餐会派上用场。


再看看accomplished:

a most accomplished dress designer 技艺纯熟的服装设计师

be accomplished at [something]/doing [something] 在某事/做某事方面技艺高超

第二类:

competent有能力的;

eligible合格的(四级词汇);

experienced有经验的;

skilled有技能的;

talented有才干的;

professional专业的;

adept擅长的(四级词汇);

trained受过训练的

competent可谓高中高大上的词汇了:

I wouldn't say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job.

我虽然不会说他是才华横溢,可他还是能胜任工作的。


make sb. competent也是很常见的:

A year of college had made her more socially competent.

一年的大学生活使她的社交能力增强了。


Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work. 
 要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。 


但adept是四级词汇里亮点:

be adept at [something]/doing [something] 擅长某事/做某事


那么问题来了,这些人到底有什么称谓,首先就是专家,高手,然后大师,然后……:

高手和专家:

master大师;

engineer工程师;

elite精英;

scientist科学家;

expert专家


希望大家都能成为China's educated elite(受过良好教育的中国精英),要不然就成为expert也不错:

be an expert on [something] 是某方面的专家

she is an expert on ancient Greece 她是古希腊学专家

an expert in [something] 某方面的能手

即使高手也需要做到这些:

高手需要:

communication skills沟通技能;

computer skills电脑技能;

language skills语言技能;

flexible灵活的;

adaptable适应性强的;

motivated有动力的.


而科学家还需要是:

intelligent聪明的;

clever聪明的;

wise聪明的;

smart聪明的;

creative有创造力的.

这个时代特别需要你polish up communication skills, 另外适应能力必须强: 

Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change.  

成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。 


我希望大家听完我的课后打鸡血一样去学英语,打鸡血如何表达?即:

be, feel, seem | become | get sb | keep sb motivated


The students are all highly motivated.

学生都有很高的积极性。


highly motivated teachers 热情高涨的教师们


新时代,希望我们还具有creative thinking创造性思维,用创造性解决方法(a creative solution to problems)。


母语思维是外语学习过程中的常见现象,用外语写作文,特别是在外语学习的初级阶段,以母语为中介似乎无法避免。但是,许多研究的结果表明在外语写作过程中借助母语思维对提高外语作文的质量有积极的影响(包天仁、崔刚,2012:140)。

所以让学生(尤其是中下程度的学生)先用母语构思所写的句子,再把句子翻译出来,最后通过合并复合句或使用过渡词等形式将翻译连接成文,这样可以减少或避免学生写出“中式英语”。

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