2024北京朝阳高三二模
英 语
2024.5
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives.
In 1993, Ms Hogarth was touring a hospital ship in Sierra Leone when she knew that a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术), but she couldn’t 1 it. Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the £70 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be 2 . Later, Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, 3 her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby. In this way Ms Hogarth formed a 4 with the mother and the baby, but they lost 5 when she returned home to New Zealand.
Ms Hogarth, now 52, volunteered for charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Catherine and Regina at the same hospital ship. They both became nurses, inspired by Ms Hogarth, and Regina now has a child of her own.
Ms Hogarth said, “To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really. It’s not something I 7 expected until we made contact again. For me, I felt 8 at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I would have died without Ms Hogarth’s pure love.”
“It’s really 9 to see Catherine again,” Ms Hogarth shared. “I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years. I know it was a significant time—realizing that you can make a real 10 by doing something.”
1. A. cancel B. bear C. afford D. accept
2. A. examined B. delivered C. adopted D. attended
3. A. receiving B. removing C. dressing D. discovering
4. A.habit B. tradition C. plan D. bond
5. A. touch B. control C. hope D. direction
6. A. called on B. came across C. looked after D. kept off
7. A. ever B. still C. even D. just
8. A. inspired B. disappointed C. concerned D. excited
9. A. impossible B. amazing C. challenging D. simple
10. A. effort B. commitment C. decision D. difference
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 11 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 12 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 13 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential.
B
The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels 14 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily 15 (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It 16
(prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it.
C
It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 17 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 18 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 19 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 20 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst.
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student.
How Deakin Accelerate Program works
You’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you.
No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time.
After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that.
Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re:
Ÿ a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results;
Ÿ looking for an extra challenge in high school;
Ÿ a self-starter who can work independently;
Ÿ keen to make a head start on your university degree.
To be qualified for the program, you must:
Ÿ be completing Year 12 in 2024;
Ÿ meet the high school subject requirement;
Ÿ attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects.
For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form.
v Submit an inquiry
21. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program?
A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR.
B. Experiencing different learning styles.
C. Completing two years’ university units.
D. Earning credits towards university courses.
22. What is available for participants on the online learning platform?
A. Real-time response.
B. Guidance on using devices.
C. High school course content.
D. An online learning schedule.
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Submitting an inquiry form.
B. Graduating from university in 2024.
C. Having started to study for a university degree.
D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects.
B
When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down,
watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over.
When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back—I may not have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.
This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube.
24. How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author?
A. She lived with a sense of guilt.
B. She realized the importance of first aid.
C. She developed a fear of witnessing similar events.
D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.
25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube?
A. She relieved the woman’s coughing.
B. She walked the woman up to the lift.
C. She found a “medically competent” person for her.
D. She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back.
26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?
A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag.
B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman.
C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road.
D. You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. A good turn deserves another.
B. Every cloud has a silver lining.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. Action speaks louder than inaction.
C
Science begins with mystery. Arguably, the two greatest mysteries are the universe and awareness—the vast world out there and the powerful world within. Scientists attracted by one can be called to study the other, led by the thought that these mysteries are connected. Science writer George Musser’s book Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation (方程) reviews their progress: Can physics unlock the mystery of awareness? Does awareness form the basis of fundamental physics?
The result is an ambitious but ultimately disappointing tour, filled with breathless encounters with well-known scientists. Representative of the cast is MIT’s Max Tegmark, who tells Musser, “If you look at the problems that were still difficult to answer in fundamental physics, pretty much all of them trace back to awareness.”
The book shows how physicists are contributing to understanding the mind, continuing a long
history of physicists exploring other fields. Musser integrates physics with neuroscience, economies, mathematics and more. Yet a key source of local knowledge is obviously absent—psychology. An early example: Musser rightly applauds physicists’ contributions to artificial neural networks but is overly trustful of their implications, declaring that “ChatGPT” is already starting to demonstrate a generalized intelligence like that of humans. Interviewing more psychologists could have exposed the considerable gap remaining.
What about awareness itself? Why are some states associated with felt experience, such as the pain of a headache and the sight of a sunset, but others not? Musser’s focus is integrated information theory (IIT). IIT begins with five self-evident principles of awareness: awareness exists, and it is structured, specific, unified, and definite. It then concludes assumptions concerning the causal structure of awareness systems, identifying awareness with integrated information. Finally, IIT offers a mathematical measure of this quantity: an equation for awareness.
However, despite its enthusiasts, IIT has significant problems. Its working basis is unfounded, and serious doubts surround its testability and definability. Of course, a theory of awareness must detail when, why, and to what degree we are aware of ourselves. Here, psychology’s absence is most obvious. Over the last century, psychological research has revealed countless phenomena of awareness, from models that alter awareness to methods that stimulate unawareness; from extraordinary disorders of awareness to careful studies of metacognition (元认知).
Although questionable, such phenomena are the data that any scientific theory of awareness must account for. Yet these phenomena and ideas are almost nowhere in the book. Of course, psychology has not solved awareness, but one cannot hope to explain awareness without confronting these data.
Awareness is genuinely mysterious. So is fundamental physics. But hoping that physics can solve awareness while excluding other approaches is only a recipe for more mystery, not less.
28. What can we learn from Musser’s book?
A. IIT is acknowledged for its testability and definability.
B. Musser underestimates the impact of artificial intelligence.
C. Using psychology is a trend for physicists exploring other fields.
D. Musser highlights physicists’ efforts to uncover the secret of awareness.
29. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The link between physics and awareness has been established.
B. There is no doubt about the principles of an equation for awareness.
C. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to understanding awareness.
D. Study of awareness needs to ignore related psychological phenomena.
30. Regarding Musser’s view in his book, the author is ______.
A. neutral
B. disapproving
C. supportive
D. uncertain
D
It is perhaps easy to accept the statement that the universe is expanding. It is just some strange physics indicating that, as time goes on, galaxies (星系) get further away from each other just like two cars racing away from each other.
I personally don’t like it and prefer the balloon analogy. In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, let’s assume they don’t. What we are interested in is how the distance between the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it.
The balloon analogy relies somewhat on our geometric sensibilities which refer to our sense of shapes and how they change over time. At its core, what we are trying to develop a sense for is how we measure distances. This concept is also the fundamental goal of general relativity, Einstein’s theory of gravity. In general relativity, the most important piece of information is what we call the metric, an equation that describes how distances are measured, and therefore also tells us about the shape space-time is taking.
The whole idea that space-time is expanding was first noticed as a mathematical consequence of general relativity by Georges Lemaitre in 1927, when he solved Einstein’s equation and found a solution for the metric showing that distances grow with time. His work provided a theoretical explanation: the standard for measuring cosmic (宇宙的) distance was itself changing with time.
What is delightful is that it means we can quite reasonably say that universe’s expansion is a gravitational effect. I enjoy this because it is so deeply counterintuitive to our usual understanding of gravity, which teaches us that it is a force that always draws things together. But in this case where gravity is a geometric effect, we are offered a broader range of gravitational possibilities.
It is worth noting that the geometric explanation of general relativity hasn’t been universally popular. The late physicist Steven Weinberg wrote that the geometric explanation of the theory of gravitation has been reduced to a mere analogy, but is otherwise not very useful. Another challenge with the balloon analogy and our reliance on geometric explanation is to explain why gravity seems to pull things together in many situations, while universe is expanding. This difference is resolved by acknowledging that local gravitational effects due to massive objects dominate over large-scale expansion effects, leading to the formation of structures like stars, galaxies and, eventually us.
In fact, the analogy where universe is only expanding and this is the only gravitational effect at play is a very idealized situation where matter was initially spread out perfectly evenly across the universe.
31. The author presents the balloon analogy in Paragraph 2 mainly to _________.
A. introduce a topic
B. draw a comparison
C. confirm a theory
D. evaluate a statement
32. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Unchallenging.
B. Contradictory.
C. Satisfying.
D. Relevant.
33. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Universe’s expansion results in the creation of structures like galaxies.
B. Lemaitre’s work suggests the standard for cosmic distance is consistent.
C. A uniform distribution of matter can overcome the universe’s expansion.
D. The metric is key to sensing the shape of space-time in general relativity.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Studying Galaxies—Has the Balloon Analogy Been Outdated?
B. Rethinking Gravity—Is it a Way to Make Sense of the Balloon Analogy?
C. Arguing against the Car Analogy—Does the Balloon Analogy Win Over?
D. Understanding Universe Expansion—Is the Balloon Analogy Acceptable?
第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分)
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 35
The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 36 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 37
In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. 38 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious.
39 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”
A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe.
B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience.
C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine.
D. Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals.
E. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks.
F. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences.
G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative.
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank.
She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says.
This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.
While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude.
Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing
muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling.
40. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude?
41. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health.
43. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办以“成长”为主题的系列实践活动。 请你用英文给国际部交换生Jim写一封信,邀请他一起参加。内容包括:
1.介绍你打算参加的活动;
2.询问对方意向。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
参考答案
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A
6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10. D
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
11. Having won 12. to improve 13. what 14. attached 15. represents
16. is preferred 17. stressful 18. healthier 19. will happen 20. where
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)
21.D 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.D
26.C 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.B
31.A 32.B 33.D 34.D
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)
35.E 36.G 37.B 38.D 39.A
第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40至41题每小题2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
40.Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directlyinvolve us.
41.It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict.
42.Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by yourfamily environment and
physical health.
Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others.
43.
1)Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team. I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy.
2)I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement.
第二节(20分)
Possible version 1:
DearJim,
Greetings!Theschoolwillorganizeaseriesof activitieswhosethemeisgrowth.I’mreally interestedintwoofthemandwanttoinviteyoutoparticipatewithme.
The first one is writing future-selfletters, whichallows us tolook backonthehighsandlows and invites the future selves to witness ourgrowth.It’slikecreatinga timecapsuleofourthoughts andexperiences.Thesecondoneismountainclimbing,whichsymbolizesour journeytogrow intoabetterperson.Duringtheprocess,wewillexerciseourphysicalenduranceaswellas constantly challenge ourselves to finally reach the top.
Would you like tojoin me? It would be wonderful to have your company. Looking forwardto your positive reply.
Yours,
LiHua
