新高考试题要求学生有在真实的情境中解决复杂问题的能力。新高考题处处彰显着无价值，不入题；无思维，不命题；无情境，不成题的典型特征。 在梳理学生做2023年高考英语真题中的错误时，我们惊讶地发现，约60%的后进生、40%的中等生、20%的尖子生在面对"高阶思维类题型"时，容易出错。 鉴于此，我们以2023全国新课标I卷为研究对象，从三类群体生中请来思维清晰、表达力较好的学生就"高阶思维类题型"的做题思路和出错原因进行讨论、做出诊断，找出错题背后的普遍性规律，并就如何提高该类型题目答题正确率提出实操性办法。信息对标误差指的是，考生对文本意义的理解与文本本身要传达的意义存在时间、空间、数量、范围、对象、程度、人物、事物上的误差。
1.对象差
【阅读A篇-21题】
(原文) MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake, bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
(题目) What is an advantage of MacBike?
B.It offers many types of bikes.(正确选项)
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.(强干扰项)
【思维诊断】不少选择D项的同学只关注数量(2,500)一致，却忽略了对象。文本含义是2,500辆自行车，不是2,500家出租店。
2.人物差
【完形填空-49题】
(原文) Bailey then bent down to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention. Once there, Lenoue was___ and later taken to a hospital.
(题目) 49
B.assessed(正确选项)
D.appreciated(强干扰项)
【思维诊断】不少选择D项的同学认为做好事应该受到感激，但实际上做好事应该被感激的是Bailey，而不是Lenoue。Lenoue是受伤者，应该被医生评估伤情，再送往医院。
3.主客观差
【阅读B篇-25题】
(原文) The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
(题目) Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
B.To build an ecosystem.(强干扰项)
D.To test the eco-machine.(正确选项)
【思维诊断】B选项呈现的是过程中的自然发生，属于客观；本题题目问的是John的主观目的，与D项吻合。
4.人物事物差
【阅读D篇-34题】
(原文) In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response(主要反馈). Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
(题目) What did the follow-up study focus on?
B.The dominant members.(强干扰项)
D.To discussion process.(正确选项)
【思维诊断】B选项呈现的是后续研究聚焦人物--支配者，D选项呈现的是后续研究聚焦的事情--讨论过程。
二.信息处理不当
信息处理不当指的是，考生对文本信息安排的用意与作者的实际用意相悖。
【阅读C篇-31题】
(原文) The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on(按...行动) the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
(题目) What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?B.Use them as needed.(正确选项)D.Identify the ideas behind them.(强干扰项)
【思维诊断】D项认为应识别数字精简主义理念；B项强调会根据需要去用这些实操。
三.逻辑关联有误
逻辑关联有误指的是，考生对文本逻辑的真实走向理解有误。
1.背景逻辑偏离
【阅读C篇-33题】
(原文) But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal member of independent individuals .
(题目) Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if_____.
A.the crowds were relatively small(正确选项)
D.estimates were not fully independent(强干扰项)
【思维诊断】D项与其前面的主句之逻辑关系应该是假设，也即，题干用if, 不用even if 的话，可以选D。
命题者在真实情境中考查考生对让步状语从句和条件状语从句的辨别与确认。
2.主旨逻辑偏离
【七选五-36题】
(原文) Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human. 36 . You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.(强干扰项)D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(正确选项)【思维诊断】A项goes a long way(有很大帮助)，与文章主旨大意---"自我宽恕的具体方法"有所偏离。弃选。
3.结论逻辑偏离
(原文) Her 42 came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.
A.delay(正确选项)
C.trouble(强干扰项)
【思维诊断】本文的结局或结论是"赛事中的友谊第一、互帮互助、比赛第二"的体育精神。C项把帮助当成"麻烦"，与文章结论有极大偏离。弃选。
