Lesson 36 Across the Channel
【New words and expressions】（8）
record n. 记录
strong adj. 强壮的
swimmer n. 游泳运动员
succeed v. 成功
train v. 训练
anxiously adv. 焦急地
intend v. 打算
solid adj. 固体的，硬的
★record n. 记录； vt. 记录
break the record 破记录
set up a record = make a record 创记录
hold the record = keep the record 保持记录
equalize the recorder 平记录 (equalize vt.使相等, 补偿)
recorder n. 录音机
如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音, 肯定是名词, 重音落在第二个音节肯定是动词
record n. 记录； vt. 记录
present n. 礼物；adj. 现在的； v. 赠送
desert n. 沙漠； v. 废弃
★strong adj. 强壮的
as strong as horse 象牛一样壮(马)
strong wind 大风； heavy rain 大雨
strong girl (隐示不是很瘦, 结实)
strong mind 意志坚强
Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦
sturdy adj. 结实的, 强健的
robust adj. 身体结实 (“乐百事” 英文名)
strong +运动员 获胜把握比较大，强有力的（“强有力的对手”中的“强有力”就用strong表达)
★swimmer n. 游泳的人, 游泳者
swimmer 确切的意思是游泳者, 游泳的人
strong swimmer 游泳能手
athlete n. 运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)
swimming athlete 游泳运动员 (这里的“-ing”意为 “用来” )
★succeed v. 成功
succeed in doing sth. 做……成功
success n. 成功, 成功的人
successful adj. 成功的
be successful in doing sth
fail v. 失败
fail to do sth. 做……失败
failure n. 失败, 失败者, 缺乏, 失灵, 故障, 破产, 疏忽, <美>不及格
★train v. 训练
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做……(教, 而且有让人形成某种技能)
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做……(只是教, 会不会不管)
trainer n. 教练； trainee n. 受训的人
training center 训练中心
★anxiously adv. 焦急
anxious adj. 焦急的
★intend v. 打算
intend to do sth.＝be going to do sth. 打算做某事
★solid adj. 固体的, 硬的；n. 固体
① adj. 固体的
She will not eat any solid food.
② adj. 硬的，结实的，坚固的（指家具、建筑物等）
The ice is solid. 冰很硬。
② n. 固体
【Text】
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
参考译文
黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡. 她打算早上5点钟从法国海岸出发. 黛比只有11岁, 她希望创一项新的世界纪录. 她是一个游泳能手, 很多人认为她一定能成功. 黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发. 哈特先生训练她的女儿已经多年了, 明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国. 黛比计划每两小时休息一下. 她将喝些饮料, 但不吃固体食物. 黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸等候她. 他们当中还会有黛比的母亲, 她本人还是个姑娘时, 也曾横渡过英吉利海峡!
【课文讲解】
1、Across the Channel
across 横渡
the Channel＝the English Channel 英吉利海峡(当“C”大写时, 一定是指the English Channel)
2、She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
set out 出发； set out from… 从某地出发
3、Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.
hope to do sth. 希望自己做……
hope that+从句 希望别人做……
set up为“创立，建立”，可以指某个具体的事物，如set up a school；也可以指抽象的，如某个机构、组织等。
set up a new world record 创造新的世界纪录
4、She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.
feel (that) +从句 认为……，相信……（宾语从句中的that 可以省略）
My parents feel that they can believe in you.
be sure to do sth. 一定能够, 必定会（肯定语气比“must”（must + 动词原形，表示一定, 一种推测）强，对某件事情动词有把握）
be sure of… (对某件事情, 名词做宾语)
be sure that… (对某件事情, 某人做某事有把握)
I am sure that I can do sth.＝I am sure of sth.＝I am sure to do sth.
I am sure of my success. = I am sure to succeed.
I am sure that I can succeed/be successful.
5、Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.
...with her 同她一道
by boat ， in a boat乘船
6、Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
will be doing 将来进行时表达将来
as＝when
swim + 距离 游过多长距离
All the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke out.
We will be watching anxiously as you went (go) out. （牵挂)
7、Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours.
rest作“休息”讲时，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词：
Today is my day of rest. 今天是我的休息日。
After a long rest, he went on with his work.
have(take) a break(rest) 休息
take short rests 休息短时间
every用在表示时间的名词之前时可译为“每”，every two hours 每两个小时
I will plant another tree every three trees. 每隔三棵树我会再种一棵
8、She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.
something to drink 可以喝的东西（不定式作定语）
have something to eat/read/do
9、Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
most +n. = most of the +n. 大多数的……
most young people / most of the young people
will be waiting 将来进行时
I will be right here wating for you.
on the coast 在海边
10、Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
among prep. 在……之中, ……之一(三者或三者以上)
among them 在他们当中（很多人之中）
between them 左右各一个人
限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句
如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从句, 没有逗号的是限定性定语从句， 非限定性定语从句不可以用that，限定性定语从句少了后面的句子, 这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整, 后面的句子起着补充说明的作用，非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开, 后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密, 起补充作用。
Among them will be Debbie's mother. 这句是一个倒装句，正常的语序应为Debbie’s mother will be among them.
倒装句：地点+will+名词
常见的倒装句：Here you are. / Here is my ticket.
全部倒装：地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中如果主语是名词, 放在动词后面, 如果是代词, 放在动词前面, 如Here you are.
在运动场上常用的口语：
Well to go. / Well done. / Yea! / Yeah!
bingo int.(因出乎意料的成功而表示兴奋的叫声)瞧!
Go！ 加油
【Letter Writing】
当书写地址时，常常不写地区或邮区的全称。有时只写名称的一部分或只用大写字母。如：Berkshire写成Berks.，California写成Calif.，North West 3缩写成N.W.3，New York缩写成N.Y.。
【Key structure】
将来时
表示将来的结构：
① be to
② be about to
③ be going to 表将来
④ intend to do sth.＝be going to do sth. 打算做某事
I intend to have a company. = I am going to have a company.
⑤ plan to do sth. 计划做某事
⑥ mean to do sth. 打算做某事 :
What do you mean to do(intend to do)?
⑦ aim to do sth. 打算做某事
⑧ I will do sth.＝I intend to do sth.
plan to do / mean to do / aim to do / hope to do / want to do 这类词本身没有将来时态, 本身就表示将来, 用一般现在时表示将来时
be going to常用于口语中，在正式的书面语中通常用will而不用be going to。在陈述句和疑问句中, 常常可用be going to来替代shall或will。但有时不能用be going to代替shall或will：
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea. 如果你乘船旅游, 你会玩得很开心的.
在非正式语体下，要表示意图、打算，强调计划和安排，表示说话人也许对即将发生的事预先有所了解时，一般用be going to 而不用will：
What do you intend to do at home?
I’m going to watch TV.
They’re going to be married soon.
如果表示说话时决定去做某事，或者表示建议、请求、肯定或不肯定等含义时，要用will而不用 be going to：
You won’t forget to bring something to sleep in, will you? （表示建议）
Don’t worry! I’ll bring a sleeping bag. （表示决定）
I shan’t be able to look after the baby and cook lunch. （表示肯定）
I’ll look after the baby while you cook lunch. （表示决定）
Tomorrow will be Tuesday.
【Special Difficulties】
Watch, Look at, Follow
Watch (something happening) 观看 (正在发生的事情)，注视，注意看
Do you have to watch me eating my supper? 你非得看我吃晚饭吗？
How long have you been watching the race?
Look at 仔细看，（留意）看
Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后面)
I followed my mother into the kitchen. 我跟着母亲走进厨房.
The dog followed me all the way home.
在特定的时候，follow也可以表示注视，即用目光“跟随”：
Have you ever seen a cat follow/watch a bird’s every movement?
你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动？
Solid, Firm, Stable
Solid (not liquid) 固体的 (非流体的)，硬的(固体)；结实的，坚固的（指家具、建筑物等）
This is a solid table. 这张桌子很结实。
Firm
① (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动)，不会更改的，牢固的
I've fixed that hook. It is firm now. 我把鱼钩固定好了, 现在它很牢固.
This table is firm. You can stand on it.
② (not doubtful) (无疑) 表示态度、信念等坚定的、坚决的
He gave me a firm refusal. 他断然拒绝.
He is firm about going abroad. 在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。
③ (not lenient) 严格的，严厉的
You must be very firm with that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
Stable (often describing character) 坚定的，稳重的, 可靠的，可信赖的（指人的性格）；稳定的，稳固的（指工作、机构、环境等）
He is a very stable person. 他是一个性格坚定的人.
He is not a very stable person. 他不太稳重/可靠。
I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now.
Exercise 练习 用上面的词填空 :
1 I came to a ______ decision and I will not change my mind.
2 I stood on the bridge and ______ the boats passing by.
3 May I ______ your photograph album?
4 The ice in the pond is so ______ that you can walk to it.
5 I tried to persuade him but he remained ______.
1. firm
come to a decision/make a decision 下定决心
come to a conclusion 得出结论 (conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论)
2.watched
watch sb. doing sth.(句型结构)
3.look at
4.so solid如此的坚硬
The ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on.(不加 “it”)
=The ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on it.
The room is clean enough to live in.
=The room is so clean that we can live there.
5. firm. (不改变主意的用 “firm” )
【Multiple choice questions】
3 She is sure to succeed. Many people feel sure ___d___ it.
a. to b. for c. in d. of
sure of+n；sure to do sth. ；sure that…
4 He will be watching her anxiously ___c___ she swims the long distance to England.
a. though meanwhile b. meanwhile c. while d. during
as 由于；当……时候（＝when, while）
during prep. 在……期间，后面不会加句子
though meanwhile 虽然, 有转折的意思
meanwhile＝at the same time=meantime n. 其间, 其时；adv. 其间
however adv. 然而（副词只能修饰句子或动词, 起修饰作用）
8 Debbie hopes to ___b___ a new world record.
a. do b. make c. build d. fix
set up a record = make a record 破记录
9 She is sure to succeed. She's sure to be ___a___.
a. successful b. success c. succession d. a succession
succession n. 连续, 继承, 继任者, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, 连续性
be +adj. 系表结构
be+n. 前者＝后者 (前者和后者是等号关系)
Lesson 37 The Olympic Games
【New words and expressions】（9）
Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
hold v. 召开
government n. 政府
immense adj. 巨大的
stadium n. 露天体育场
standard n. 标准
capital n. 首都
fantastic adj. 巨大的
design v. 设计
★Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
the Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会（简称the Games，一般大型运动会用games)
★hold (held，held) v. 召开
① vt. 拿着，抓住，抱住
Please hold the bady while I take off my coat.
Why are you holding my bag?
② 容纳，装得下，包含
This cup can’t hold much water. 这杯子装不了多少水。
The stadium can hold 20,000 people.
③ 举行，进行（会议、会谈等）；庆祝（节日）；纪念
have a meeting = hold a meeting 召开会议
hold习惯用被动：
The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight)
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject.
明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议题.
The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次会议将在日内瓦举行.
★immense adj. 巨大的
★fantastic adj. 巨大的
immense adj. 极大的, 无边的, 一望无际的
The universe is immense.
immense ocean
big adj.（一般的）大的
big man 大人物
large adj. 数量的大, 尺寸的大
large man 大块头
great adj. 伟大的, 重要的
great man 伟人
huge adj.(体积的)巨大的, 庞大，极大的, 无限的
fantastic adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表惊叹)，好极的, 宏伟的
★stadium n. 露天体育场
playground n. 操场
sports field 运动场, 体育场（sports 各种各样的运动）
gymnasium =gym n. 健身房，体育馆；体育
篮球场 gym ；足球场 stadium
★standard n. 标准
high standard 高标准
Olympic-standard 奥林匹克标准(运动会中的最高标准)（复合形容词：形容词+名词）
★capital n. 首都
capital adj. 大写的, 重要的
capital punishment 极刑 (punishment n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处)
hot seat 电椅（国外的极刑）
★design v. 设计
① vt. &vi. 设计图样
George has designed a new bridge.
② vt. &vi. 打算（做……），计划
He designed to enter for the competition.
This book is designed for foreign tourist.
③ n. 图样，图纸；设计
Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress.
Here is the design of the new house.
designer n. 设计师
well－designed 设计不错的（复合形容词：副词+过去分词）
【Text】
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
参考译文
4年以后, 奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行. 由于将有大批的人到我们国家来, 所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池. 他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线. 奥运会就在首都市郊举办, 整个地区将被称作 “奥林匹克城” . 工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好; 到明年年底, 他们将把新体育场建成. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的. 大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成. 我们都非常激动, 盼望着奥运会的到来, 因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.
【课文讲解】
1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.
in four years’ time 四年之后（in常与将来时连用表示“……时间之后”）
He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour.
four years later 四年后
four years ago 四年前
2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.
as/because原因，as是连词，引出原因状语从句，as用于表示原因时通常位于句首，它所表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已知的，因此没必要再予以强调。because任何时候都可代替as，来说明一种或几种原因，但as则不一定总能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，强调讲话的对象可能不知道的原因。
As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you.
Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.
a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人
an immense stadium 一个大型体育场
a new Olympic-standard swimming pool 一个新的奥运会标准的游泳池
3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line.
be building 修建
a special railway-line 专线铁路
4、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
by the end of this year 到今年年底前
by the end of next year 到明年年底前
by是完成时的标志, 表示“到……为止，在……之前，并不晚于某时的任何时间”，不能与表示一段时间的名词名词连用，只能与表示时间点的名词或词组连用，用于肯定句与用于否定句有一定区别。
I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我将已离开。（星期一之前的任何时间）
I won’t have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不会离开。 （星期一还在）
5、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
as是连词，相当于while，当“当，正值”讲，引出时间状语从句，它引导的从句虽然表示将来的动作但要用一般现在时，不能用 “…will go up”
be built强调建造；go up （建筑物）被兴建起来，拔地而起
Many new houses are going up in this district.
6、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高兴的)盼望，期待
look forward to…与expect(期待)的区别是expect没有高不高兴的成分
Look forward to your letter.
【Letter Writing】
在信的地址下面必须写上完整的日期。日期有两种写法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，数字写法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。
【Key structures】
一般将来完成时
一般将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事以外，还可以表示“意愿”，如允诺、建议、请求、提议等。
The radio hasn’t been mended yet. Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. （允诺）
Will you open the door for me please! （请求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? （建议）
将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来正在进行的动作外，还可以表示计划或安排好的事：
A great many people will be visiting the country.
将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。将来完成时由will have+过去分词构成。它常与by和not…till/until+表示时间的名词连用。
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey.
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止
过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止, 某个动作已经发生
【Special Difficulties】
Look的短语
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高兴地)盼望，期待着（to为介词后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词，不能接动词原形）
I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到来.
I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend.
Look out (be careful) 当心 (注意)，留神
Look out! A bus is coming. 当心点, 公共汽车来了.
You should always look out when you walk across a road.
Look out of 朝外看
Don’t look out of the window.
Look up
① (get information from a reference book) 查阅 (从参考书中获取资料)
I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary.
我不懂这个词的词义, 我要查一下字典.
② (visit) 拜访，看望
Don't forget to look me up when you return. 回来时别忘了来看我.
I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon.
Exercise 练习 用hold或look的正确形式填空 :
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there?
6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I'm not ______ them.
4. held
debate on … 辩论…… （debate v. 争论, 辩论；n. 争论, 辩论）
union n. 联合，合并，结合，联盟，协会
口语过程三步：dialogue(对话)；discussion(讨论)；debate(争论)
capital n. 首都；大写
5. look (her) up
look (sb.) up : 拜访, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思
6. held；looking forward to
hold an exam 举行考试
take the exam 接受考试
【Multiple choice questions】
4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ___b___ the end of next year.
a. at b. before c. after d. long before
by=before 到……为止, 在……之前, 不迟于
long before 在之前很久
7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, ___a___ they have never been held before in this country.
a. for b. why c. because of d. due to
because强调后面的是原因，后跟句子
because of 因为……（介词短语，不会加句子）
why不能直接做连词
due to + 名词 由于……（介词短语，不会加句子）
His success is due to his hard work.
12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be ___a___ when they begin.
a. pleased b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient
be pleased 感到高兴地, 令人满意地
be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事
impatient adj. 不耐烦的, 急躁的, 不耐心的
Lesson 38 Everything except the weather
【New words and expressions】（6）
except prep. 除了
Mediterranean n. 地中海
complain v. 抱怨
continually adv. 不断地
bitterly adv. 刺骨地
sunshine n. 阳光
★Mediterranean n. (the ~)地中海
Mediterranean n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间），地中海沿岸的居民；adj. 地中海的, 地中海民族的
★complain v. 抱怨
complain to sb. 向某人抱怨
complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事
★continually adv. 不断地
continually adv. 连续地, 频繁地(时断时续)
The baby cry continually.
continuously adj. 连续不断地
continue v. 继续, 连续, 延伸
★bitterly adv. 刺骨地
bitterly disappointed 彻底的失望 （disappoint vt.使失望）
I am bitterly disappointed.
bitterly cold 刺骨地寒冷
It’s bitterly cold. （chilly adj. 寒冷的）
★sunshine n. 阳光
也可直接用 “sun” 表示阳光
a drop of sunshine 一缕阳光 （a drop of 一缕）
【Text】
My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.
参考译文
我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。他刚一回到英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。在阳光下生活了那么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。最后，他再也忍受不住，还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。他多年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天气。
【课文讲解】
1、He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.
dream of… 想, 梦见(梦想)，幻想，向往
Frank used to dream of having a car of his own.
think of… 想(思维的活动), 考虑
settle down 定居，安身，安顿
After two years of traveling, I want to settle down now.
2、He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
no sooner…than… 一……就……（关联词，引导时间状语从句，主句里常用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时），相同用法的还有as soon as，the moment，on doing
had no sooner done…than +一般过去时, 固定用法 (时态结构 : 完成时态 + than + 一般过去时)
He had no sooner arrived than he called me up.
no sooner放在句首就要倒装
No sooner had he arrived than he called me up. (倒装)
3、Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.
almost immediately 几乎马上, 很快地 (时间上的快, 常用于写作)
for（连词）表示因为(解释说明, 附加的)＝because因为（一定要说的原因），for与because不同，不能用于句首，并且在for后面必须重复主语：
I don’t have a car, for I can’t afford it.
even though =even if 即使，虽然（引导让步状语从句）
Even though I came here, my mind was absent. 尽管我人来了, 但我还是心不在焉
4、After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock.
so many years 这么多年
after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在这么多天雨之后
After seven years of hard work, he was successful.
After ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down.
got a shock 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊
5、He acted as if he had never lived in England before.
as if+句子 似乎, 好像（引导表示方式的状语从句，如果从句为过去完成时则是虚拟语气，描述与事实相反, 后面的条件是假的）
He acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看)
My leg hurts as if it was broken.
连词as if/though引导方式状语从句，通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面：
She acted as if she were mad. （虚拟语气）
It feels as if/though it’s going to rain.
6、In the end, it was more than he could bear.
more than在这里表示“超过……的范围”
This piece of news is more than I can believe.
It was more than I could understand.
I can't affard it. ＝ It was more than I can affard.
这种用法与它通常表示“比……更多”的用法稍有不同：
There were more than ten people in the room.
7、He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
hardly…when… 还没来得及……就……，用法同no sooner…than
hardly had sb. done when… (hardly在句首, 要倒装)
He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.（knock out : 打晕, 击倒）
have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you. 我没时间和你说话
I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足够的时间喝咖啡
【Composition】
1 He bought an old car. It was in a very bad state.(but)
2 The engine was worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The engine…not only…but…as well)
3 He could not drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away. (neither…nor…nor)
1. in a bad state 状态不太好
though 虽然, even though＝even if 即使，这些词出现在两句之间, 就不再加but，
2. The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust.
worn out 破旧不堪的
engine n. 发动机, 机车, 火车头
gearbox n. 变速箱
sawdust n. 锯屑, 木头屑子 （saw [] n. 锯；v. 锯）
not only出现在句首要倒装,一般不会放在句首
3. He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away.
He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away. (这样写更好)
neither do sth. nor do sth. nor do sth. 既不能也不能更不能
【Letter writing】
日期：每年下列月份写出全称：3月，4月，5月，6月和7月，剩余的月份写成：Jan. (1月)；Feb. (2月)；Aug. (8月)；Sept. (9月)；Oct. (10月)；Nov. (11月)和Dec. (12月)。
【Key structures】
过去完成时
过去完成时经常与一般过去时连用，表示过去某个动作发生前完成的动作。与过去完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组有when，after，as soon as，(not) until，by that time，(never) before，already，for，since，just，no sooner…than，hardly…when等。过去完成时不能与副词ago连用（ago只能与一般过去时连用）。
He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上他还没做完。
I’d never flown a plane at all until I flew this one!
在驾驶这架飞机之前我从来没有驾驶过飞机！
【Special Difficulties】
No sooner…than and Hardly…when
no sooner…than (一……就……)；hardly…when (几乎未来得及……就……)这两组连词意义都和as soon as相近，但比as soon as正式。它们通常都与过去完成时连用。当no sooner和hardly位于句首时，后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序，即句子变为no sooner/hardly +助动词 +主语 +动词形式的语序。
No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. 他刚一开始讲话就被打断了。
Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.
Country and Countryside
country n. 国家，祖国；乡下（做“乡下”讲时常与the连用）
Which country do you come from?
He had planned to settle down in the country.
countryside n. 农村地区（强调景色），乡下
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 维也纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.
I grew up in the countryside.
Continuously and Continually
continuously adv. 不断地，连续地（指动作中间没有间断）
You mustn’t watch TV for such a long time continuously.
This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours.
continually adv. 频繁地，反复地（指动作中间有间断但又持续很久）
It rained continually. 天频繁地下雨。
The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水不停地从桥下流过.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 He acted ___a___ he had never lived in England before.
a. as though b. like c. as d. even if
as if ＝ as though 作宾语，act as if/though习惯用法
as 后面可以加句子, like 后面加词, as if 加在后面只能作状语，even if 即使
5 It was more than he could bear. He couldn't bear it ___c___.
a. more b. longer c. any longer d. no more
not any more = not any longer = not any further 不再
not more ＝ less 比……少
not longer 不是更长
11 He___d___ as if he had never lived in England before.
a. made b. did c. conducted d. behaved
do as I did 按我所做的做
seem as if 看起来象……
act as if 行为象……一样
look as if 看起来象……一样
conduct＝behave可以做动词，表示行为，但conduct为不及物动词, 如果作及物动词, 加oneself
He conducted himself well. 他表现的很好
He behaved (as) well.
Lesson 39 Am I all right?
【New words and expressions】（10）
operation n. 手术
successful adj. 成功的
following adj. 下一个
patient n. 病人
alone adj. 独自的
exchange n. （电话的）交换台
inquire v. 询问，打听
certain adj. 某个
caller n. 打电话的人
relative n. 亲戚
★following adj. 下一个
the next day, the following day 第二天
the next week, the following week 第二个星期
★alone adj. 独自的
alone 强调人孤单一个
‘home alone’ -- 《独自在家》
Leave me alone. 我烦着呢, 别理我
Leave him alone. 让他一个人呆会儿
★exchange [] n. (电话的)交换局
① vt. 换，更换，调换（指同类事物之间）
I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one.
② vt. 交换，互换
I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words.
Did you exchange gifts after the party?
③ n. 电话交换台
He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.
★inquire v. 询问, 打听
① vt. &vi. 打听，询问
A Mr. Wang inquired your telephone number. 一位王先生打听您的电话号码。
inquire sth. of sb. 从某人那打听
insquire about sth. 打听某事
He wanted to inquire about a certain patient.
② vi. 调查，查问
He didn’t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident.
③ vi. 求见（某人），要找（某人）
She inquired for the manager. 她想见经理。
★certain adj. 某个
certain后面的名词的数量由它前面的数词来定
某一个a certain +n.（单数）
a certain patient = some patient 某个病人
某两个two certain + n.(复数)
two certain patient
some+可数名词单数时表示某个(某一个)
for some reason 由于某个理由
【Text】
While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. He asked if Mr. Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks. Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. 'No,' the patient answered, 'I am Mr. John Gilbert.'
参考译文
当约翰·吉尔伯特住院的时候, 他问医生他的手术是否成功, 但医生拒绝告诉他. 第二天, 这位病人要了一部床头电话. 当房里只剩他一个人时, 他挂通了医院的交换台, 要求与米灵顿医生讲话. 当这位医生接过电话时, 吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况, 是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生. 他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功, 医生告诉他手术很成功. 然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家, 医生说他在医院还必须再住上两个星期. 之后, 米灵顿医生问打电话的人是否是病人的亲属. “不是, “病人回答说, “我就是约翰·吉尔伯特先生. “
【课文讲解】
1、Am I all right?
all right当指人的健康状况时，可表示“安然无恙的，良好的”
I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now.
2、While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.
So在这里是代词，代替前面的动词不定式（to tell him whether…）。它一般出现believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear等之后：
Is it true that John has had an operation?
I am afraid so. /I believe so. / I think so. / It seems so.
3、The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone.
the following day = the next day，这里following表示“紧接着的，其次的”。
ask for 请求，索要，要求（得到某个东西）。在下一句（…asked for Doctor Millington）中它表示“要求（某人）来（接电话）”。
bedside telephone 床头电话
4、When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert.
Certain在这里没有“肯定的，确实的”等含义，而表示“某一，某位”，暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的这个人身份不大清楚：
Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London.
a Mr. John Gilbert 一位名叫约翰.吉尔伯特的先生
a+人名前面, 表示某一个拥有这个特征的人或我不认识的某某人，这种情况下a通常与表示“某一”的certain连用：
He is a Leifeng. 表示具有雷锋的特征
A certain Mrs. Hart is waiting to see you.
有位哈特夫人正等着见您。
5、He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks.
for another two weeks 又两个星期
another作为限定词表示“另一个，再一个”的时候，通常与可数的单数名词连用，不和复数形式连用；但是后面可以跟基数词/few+复数名词（它们被当成一个整体）：
I need another three driving lessons before my test.
考试前我还需上3节驾驶课。
I need another few hours before I can finish my homework.
我还需几个小时才能做完作业。
【Key structures】
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语的疑问句变为间接引语的疑问句时引号和问号不再使用，且直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序（主语+动词），有必要还要改变时态。
转述一般疑问句时必须使用if或whether，不可省略，助动词do/does和did在转述疑问句里消失了。
She asked if/whether you were tired. 她问你是否感到疲劳.
ask，want to know，wonder等后面的if和whether通常可以互换，但是whether表示的怀疑程度比if稍大。
I wonder if/whether he’s phoned the doctor.
在表示两者挑一时更常用whether：
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
转述疑问句中带有or not时，通常用whether引导，不用if引导：
He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.
Did the children say they’d eaten? 他们没告诉我他们吃了没有。
在转述特殊疑问句时，通常用原来的疑问词。在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中，时态和情态助动词照常有变化，但语序保持不变。
Tom asked if / whether Jack would arrive the next day. 汤姆问杰克第二天是否能到.
Jane asked why I hadn't written to her. 简问为什么我不给她写信.
如果直接引语是问句，变为间接引语时，主句不说He said，而用He asked；told可以后跟问句，还可以跟陈述句：
直接引语是表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述，常用的这类动词有advise，ask，tell，order，command，warm，invite等，这些动词后往往有间接宾语，在转述这类祈使句的否定形式时，必须将not放在带to的不定式之前：
She reminded/told me to turn off all the lights.
The teacher was telling/ordering/commanding her students to close their books.
tell sb. to do sth.
The teacher told me (not) to open the door.
ask sb. to do sth.
动词suggest和insist用于转述建议、要求时，其结构为suggest/insist +that从句（用should）：
He suggests that they should sell the flat. I hope they won’t sell the flat.
He still insisted that we should help him.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 John Gilbert was in hospital. He was taken ___c___ hospital last week.
a. at b.in c.to d.on
take sb. to hospital 送某人去医院
5 ___d___? A bedside telephone.
a. For what did he ask b. What did he ask
c. For what did he ask for d. What did he ask for
for what 因为……（在疑问句中＝why）
For what did he ask? 他为什么要?
ask for 要求得到
7 He will have to stay in hospital. That's what he ___b___.
a. has done b. must do c. must be doing d. must have done
a、has done 已经做的 ； b、must do必须做的 ；c、must be doing
must+ v.(原形)＝have to 不得不；很可能（对现在或者将来的推测）
must +原形, +be doing, +have done属于推测句型的三种结构
must be doing 对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测
He must be sleeping.
He must be making the notes.
must have done 对过去的事情的推测
He must have made the notes.
must have been doing 对过去的正在进行的动作的推测
He must have been sleeping.
11 He was alone. He was ___a___.
a. on his own b. lonely c. with himself d.unique
on one's own ＝ alone
of one's own 某人自己的
12 He inquired about a patient. He wanted ___b___.
a. informations b.information c. knowledges d. knowledge
knowledge n.知识, 学问, 认识, 知道, <古>学科
information n. 信息（不可数名词）
a piece of information 一条信息
message可数名词, 如手机短信
Lesson 40 Food and talk
【New words and expressions】（6）
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，严肃的
tight adj. 紧身的
fix v. 凝视
globe n. 地球
despair n. 绝望
★hostess n. 女主人
host n. 男主人；v. 作为主人, 主办
actor n. 男演员； actress n. 女演员
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的
unsmiling adj. 不笑的（un+smiling, 但并不一定表示 “严肃”）
serious adj.严肃的, 认真的, 严重的
My father is serious.
★tight adj. 紧身的
tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤
The shoes are small/tight. (夹脚, 很紧)
tights n. 贴身衬衣, 紧身衣, 女用连裤袜
★fix v. 凝视
① v. 使……固定、安装
fix the picture on the wall
She fixed a handle on the door.
fix on 使（目光、注意力等）集中于，盯着
fix one's eyes on sth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 盯着……目不转睛（习惯用被动）
All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard. 所有的眼睛都盯着黑板
② v. 修理
★globe n. 地球，球状物, 如地球仪；adj. 全球的
global problem 全球性的问题
earth n. 地球
global “阁楼宝”，一种灭蟑螂的药名
★despair n. 绝望
despair n. 绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.绝望
in despair 绝望的
sb./sth. is the despair of… ……让……感到绝望
The boy is the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。
This boy is his mother's despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了。
The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.
我对考试已经绝望了。
disappoint vt. 使失望
【Text】
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
参考译文
在上星期的一次宴会上, 女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁. 兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人, 穿一件紧身的黑衣服. 当我在她身旁坐下来的时候, 她甚至连头都没有抬一下. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子, 不一会儿就忙着吃起来了. 我试图找个话题和她聊聊.
“一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了, “我说, “您去看吗?”
“不, “她回答. “您今年去国外度假吗?” 我又问.
“不, “她回答.
“您就呆在英国吗?” 我问.
“不, “她回答.
失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意.
“年轻人, “她回答说, “如果你多吃点, 少说点, 我们两个都会吃得好的!”
【课文讲解】
1、Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.
dinner为不可数名词，“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
next to 与……相邻，挨着（既可表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着）
sit next to me 坐我旁边
There’s a field/shop next to our house.
2、Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
unsmiling表示bad mix，很难与人融合。unsmiling的反义词为smiling（微笑的，喜气洋洋的）。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable（舒服的）/ uncomfortable（不舒服的），true（真实的）/untrue（不真实的），interesting（有趣的）/ uninteresting（无趣味的，乏味的）。
in在这里表示“穿着、戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
（inquiring for sb. 要找（某人），求见某人）
3、She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.
take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式
Please take a seat.
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner/party began.
4、Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.
busy +doing sth. 忙着做某事（doing前可以加in，也可以不加）
We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance.
5、'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
The new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on at ‘The Globe’.
即将上映
The film will be on. 那部电影即将要上映
6、'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主语、谓语、状语等）通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。
You can either go out or stay here.
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。
【Composition】
1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.
=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either.
but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)
【Key structures】
第2类条件句（虚拟条件句）
第1类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。
If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气)
If it rains, I will not go. 正常语气(不一定会去)
第2类条件句，if从句谈论想象的情况（假设与现在事实相反），主句则推测想象的结果。 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形。尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。
If you helped me,I would be grateful.
如果你帮了我, 我会感激你(可惜你没有帮我, 我不会感激你)
If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果下雨, 就不会这么热
If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.
假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦.
如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were。If I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议。
If I were you, I’d accept their offer.
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
假如我处于你的位置, 我会采取不同的作法.
第2类条件句有时也可代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。
If you went by train, you would get there earlier.
If you go by train, you will get there earlier.
第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。
If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.
【Special Difficulties】
Make的用法
及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+（冠词）+名词形式：
make progress（取得进步）；make the bed（铺床）；make conversation（找话题）；make a noise（吵闹）；make a promise（保证）；make trouble（捣蛋，制造麻烦）； make money（挣钱）； make a speech（演讲）；make a mistake（犯错误）；make up one's mind（下定决心，拿定主意）
Do的用法
完全动词do也有一些固定短语：
do one's best（尽最大努力）；do one's homework（做作业）；do sb. a favour（帮忙）；do a job（干家务）；do work（做家务）；do exercise（做练习）；do business（做生意）
do还可以与动名词连用：do some shopping（买东西，购物）；do swimming（游泳）；do some reading （读书）
【Multiple choice questions】
4 She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘___c___next to her,’she said.
a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting
ask sb. to do sth. 祈使句, 以动词原形为标志
5 I took my seat beside her. I___a___ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
seat一定要加宾语, 如果后面没宾语, 就用seat的被动语态(及物动词) : seat yourself / be seated是及物动词，sit是不及物动词, 没有被动语态, 后面不能加宾语，坐下：sit down
9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to
stuck to 粘在……上面
glance at 扫了一眼 (glance )
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.
stare at = fix one's eyes on 盯着看 (stare )
look at 从头来看
see 看见
watch vt. 观看(看活动的)
watch TV / watch sb. doing
notice 强调的是眼睛的注意, 看一些别人不太注意的事情
glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼
catch sight of= see 看见
I can catch sight of the bird.
be in sight 看见
read v. 阅读(看与文字有关的东西)
read loudly, read aloud 大声朗读, 汉语中的读
go through 浏览
12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?
a. enjoying you b. amusing you
c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure
enjoy sth. 表示在后者当中得到了一种享受
enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself
sth. amuse 好笑
entertain sb. 娱乐
amuse,entertain后面会加人
entertainment n. 款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演
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