高中英语阅读技巧③理解文中具体信息——直接信息题
理解文中具体信息——直接信息题
一、直接信息题解题技巧
直接信息题主要针对文中涉及的某个具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因、结果等提问。解答这类题需要考生快速浏览题干，找出关键信息，然后在相应的段落定位关键信息所在的句子。最后根据选项特点，判断文中的相关信息与哪一个选项相符。
二、直接信息题的选项特点
1. 正确选项
正确选项往往使用简化或不同的表述方式来呈现与原文相同的意思，一般有以下特征：替换原文中的关键词；改变关键词的词性；简化语言表达。
2. 干扰项
干扰项往往根据文中的某个细节来设置，常有以下几种情况：①选项本身错误或原文根本没提到；②选项本身正确，但不符合题意；③选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述得不准确（这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要特别注意）。
三、真题分析
以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]
Find Your Adventure at the Space and
Aviation (航空) Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
1. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
2. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to _____.
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了宇航中心培训项目的情况，包括各种徽章的取得，太空技能、航空知识的掌握以及探险和合作精神的养成等，激发人们的航天梦，让人们积极参与进来。
1. 根据本文标题Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center以及第一段第一句If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be可知，人们去宇航中心是为了体验太空历险项目，故选A项。
2. 根据第三段第二句中的trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets可知，参加培训的人建造并发射火箭模型就可以得到太空探险徽章，故选D项。
[B]
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.
Activity | Description | Member of staff | Cost |
Outdoor Adventure (OUT) | Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment. | Mr. Clemens | £140 |
WWI Battle fields and Paris (WBP) | On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. | Mrs. Wilson | £425 |
Crafty Foxes (CRF) | Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations ... Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. | Mrs. Goode | £30 |
Potty about Potter (POT) | Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. | Miss Drake | £150 |
3. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.
4. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A. Travel to London.
B. See a parade and fireworks.
C. Tour central Paris.
D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四项适合学生的夏季活动安排。
3. 根据题干中的go camping可以定位到OUT部分。由该部分中的You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor可知，这是户外探险活动，参与该活动可以划独木舟，也可以野营，故选A项。
4. 根据题干中的Mrs. Wilson可以定位到WBP部分。由该部分中的On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields可知，星期一参观者到达伦敦，第二天即星期二到法国北部参观第一次世界大战的战场，故选D项。
