暑假作业（13）特殊句式
2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语
一、填空题
1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter who it is _____ I'm talking to.
2.It is because they don't realize the importance of listening, or because they are not willing to do the work, _____ most people do not listen well.
3.The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if __________(speak) to.
4.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless _________ (accompany) by an adult.
5.如果你不想来,就不必来了。
_____ _____ _____ for you to come if you don’t want to.
6.______ ______ ______ ______ ______ I thought my dad didn't know a thing about being a good father.
曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一个好父亲。
7.Gone __________(be)are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots.
8.Life for almost anyone is increasingly influenced by screens. Not only _____ screens themselves cheap to make, but they also make things cheaper.
9.Convenient _____ they are, these apps present problems to both parents and teachers.
10.Only when the elderly live happily _____ the young have a future to look forward to.
二、阅读理解
If you wanted a bag of Doritos from one of Brad Appelhans' experimental vending(售卖) machines, you'd have to wait. The associate professor at Rush University Medical Center designed a device that fits inside of vending machines and waits 25 seconds before releasing the typical processed snacks. But healthier fare — like peanuts or popcorn — drops instantly. "Think of it as a sort of 'time tax'. The idea is that every second you spend waiting for a snack will make you want it less. We were interested in the ability to test whether time delays can influence people to healthier choices," Appelhans says.
So, he created DISC, or "Delays to Influence Snack Choice", to test the idea. The device is a platform inserted inside a vending machine that catches snacks falling from the top half of the machine, where a vending machine operator would sort all of the unhealthy snacks. On the display window, a written instruction tells customers they'll have to wait for an extra 25 seconds for less-healthy snacks.
When a snack falls onto DISC, it sets off a 25-second countdown (倒计时) on the vending machine's display screen. At the end of the countdown, DISC drops its platform and the snack falls into the vending machine's bay. Healthier snacks are all sorted into the bottom half of the vending machine and so would bypass the platform altogether. During the months DISC was in operation, people started going for more healthy snacks.
Whenever the delay was introduced, Appelhans saw a roughly 5 percent rise of the sales of healthy snacks. "The effect is not huge, but if you are to extrapolate(推断) this out across 1 million vending machines and over time, it could add up to something meaningful," Appelhans says.
1.What can we infer about Doritos in the first paragraph?
A.It belongs to healthy snacks. B.It is a type of unhealthy food.
C.It is a kind of vending machine. D.It is a type of "time tax".
2.Where do vending machine operators put unhealthy snacks?
A.In the top half of the vending machine. B.On the display screen of the vending machine.
C.In the vending machine's bay. D.In the bottom half of the vending machine.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph about the effect of DISC?
A.People are slightly more likely to choose healthier food.
B.The sales of unhealthy items increase by 5 percent.
C.1 million vending machines have been added in the country.
D.The proportion of healthy snacks sales decreases by 5 percent.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Processed snacks are losing their market.
B.Healthy food is growing popular among people.
C.Vending machines are gaining more popularity.
D.Special vending machines encourage healthier choices.
三、七选五
Why Walking is Good for You
Walking is a great way to get in shape without breaking the bank. ①_______ and get out there this spring.
It Promotes Good Health
②_______. In addition, it also reduces the risk of a series of diseases, like stroke breast cancer, diabetes and various other illness. A brief daily walk lengthens your life, decreases the risk of depression and improve your mood and sense of well-being.
③_______
From a psychological viewpoint, walking offers an opportunity to clarify thoughts, to solve problems and to reduce stress. If you establish a rhythm that is relaxing and peaceful, walking can also become a form of meditation(冥想).
It Allows for Social Bonding
Walking regularly with someone else enables a friendship to blossom as the pair of you exercise. ④_______. During the time you can discuss issues without distractions.
It Allows You See the World Around You
Also, the best way to explore some of the world's great cities – such as New York, London, Paris and Rome – is on foot. ⑤_______. According to Nicholson, the poet William Wordsworth travelled around the world seven times and believes "going for a walk is an invitation for surprise".
A. It Keeps You Mentally Refreshed
B. It Helps Build Up Our Body
C. Choose a location that is picturesque and accessible
D. You can also schedule regular walk "dates" with your partner
E. Here's some benefits to encourage you to lace up your walking shoes
F. Walking promotes the senses and enables you to enjoy a rich engagement with life around you
G. Walking is the key to managing weight and controlling blood pressure from a health point of view
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Betty Ford was born in 1918 in Chicago. Her family moved to Michigan ①______ she was young. Betty did everything ②_______(careful)and enjoyed music best. After high school, she went to school ③_________(learn)more about dancing. Later on, she met a famous ④_________(dance), Martha Graham. She joined Graham's troupe(表演团) in New York. After five years, Betty moved back to Machigan ⑤ ________started a dancing group there. She taught dancing to children with disabilities. Betty met Gerald Ford in 1947.They got ⑥__________(marry)the next year. Gerald chose to work for Congress(国会) after ⑦__________(wed).Betty took care ⑧___________ their children. A short time ⑨_________(late),Nixon gave up his position of the president. As a result, Gerald Ford ⑩___________(elect)president and Betty became the First Lady.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：that
解析：句意为:我一向诚实坦率,无论和谁讲话都是如此。此处为强调句型的特殊疑问句结构,故填that。
2.答案：that
解析：句意为:正是因为他们没有意识到倾听的重要性,或是因为他们不愿意做这项工作,所以大多数人没有很好地倾听。此处为强调句式“It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who +其他成分”,被强调部分是because引导的原因状语从句,故填that。
3.答案：spoken
解析：考查省略。句意为:妈妈告诉这个小孩不要和陌生人说话,即使有陌生人和他说话。even if引导让步状语从句，若从句和主句的主语一致，且谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词；根据句意可知，"the little child"与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。完整的句子为：The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if he was spoken to.。故填spoken。
4.答案：accompanied
解析：考查省略。句意为:学校制度规定,白天孩子不许离开学校,除非有成年人陪伴。unless意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句,该从句中省略了主语和be动词;该从句补充完整为:unless they are accompanied by an adult。故填accompanied。
5.答案：There's no need
6.答案：There was a time when
7.答案：are
8.答案：are
解析：句意为:几乎每个人的生活都越来越受到屏幕的影响。不仅屏幕本身制造成本低,而且它们还使产品更便宜。分析句子结构可知, Not only置于句首时,句子要进行部分倒装。将句中be动词提至主语前面。主语screens是复数,且根据上一句可知,应用一般现在时,故填are。
9.答案：as/ though
解析：句意为:尽管这些应用程序很方便,但它们给家长和老师都带来了问题。由句意可知,此处表示"尽管",为让步状语从句的倒装结构,故填as/ though。
10.答案：can/ will
解析：句意为:只有当老年人幸福地生活时,年轻人才有一个可以期待的未来。本句为"Only +状语"位于句首的部分倒装结构,由句意可知,可填can,表示"能够",或填will,表示"将会",故填can或will。
二、答案：1-4.BAAD
解析：本文主要介绍了一款特殊的售卖机。顾客通过这款售卖机购买不健康的食品时会有25秒的额外等待时间,在等待期间顾客能改变主意,去购买更利于健康的食物。
1.推理判断题。由第一段中的"If you wanted a bag of Doritos from one of Brad Appelhans' experimental vending(售卖) machines, you'd have to wait"和"But healthier fare—like peanuts or popcorn—drops instantly"可推知, Doritos是一种不健康的食物。
2.细节理解题。由第二段中的"The device is a platform inserted inside a vending machine that catches snacks falling from the top half of the machine, where a vending machine operator would sort all of the unhealthy snacks"可知,本题选A项。
3.推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Appelhans saw a roughly 5 percent rise of the sales of healthy snacks"可知,健康零食的销售额大约增长了5%。由此可推知,人们选择更健康的食物的可能性渐大,故A项切题。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍一款特殊的售卖机。顾客购买不健康的食品时,他们需要额外等待25秒;如果他们购买健康的食品,则不需要等待。这款售卖机有助于让顾客去购买健康的食物,故D项切题。
三、答案：EGADF
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了走路的好处。
【小题1】由标题“Why Walking is Good for You”(为什么走路对你有好处),上一句“Walking is a great way to get in shape without breaking the bank.”(走路是一种很好的方法,在不斥巨资的情况下保持身材。),后半句“and get out there this spring.”(今年春天出去走路吧。)和下文各段小标题“It Promotes Good Health”(它促进健康),“It Allows for Social Bonding”(它允许社会联系)以及“It Allows You See the World Around You”(它让你看到你周围的世界)可知,全文主要讲走路对人的四个好处,正是因为走路有下文的四个好处,作者才建议人们春天出去走路,承接上下文,E选项“以下是一些好处,鼓励你系上你的步行鞋”切题。故选E项。
【小题2】由小标题“It Promotes Good Health”(它促进健康)和下两句“In addition, it also reduces the risk of a series of diseases, like stroke, breast cancer, diabetes and various other illness. A brief daily walk lengthens your life, decreases the risk of depression and improve your mood and sense of well-being.”(此外,它还降低了一系列疾病的风险,如中风、乳腺癌、糖尿病等多种疾病。每天短暂散步会延长你的寿命,降低抑郁的风险,改善你的情绪和幸福感。)可知,本段主要讲走路有益于健康,下文用“In addition”连接上文,讲述了走路对健康的具体的有益作用,如降低一些疾病的风险、延长寿命和降低抑郁的风险,该空应该也是讲走路对健康的具体有益作用,B选项意义太抽象,不符合该空,承接上下文,G选项“从健康角度看走路是控制体重和控制血压的关键”切题。故选G项。
【小题3】该空选择小标题,需提炼第三段中心大意才可得出。由第三段“From a psychological viewpoint, walking offers an opportunity to clarify thoughts, to solve problems and to reduce stress. If you establish a rhythm that is relaxing and peaceful, walking can also become a form of meditation(冥想).”(从心理学的角度看,走路提供了一个机会,可以澄清思想,解决问题和减少压力。如果你建立一种放松和平静的节奏,走路也可以成为冥想的一种形式。)可知,第三段主要讲走路对心理和大脑的有益作用,即走路能帮助人澄清思想、不感到压力,这会让人脑子不再混乱、精神焕然一新,承接下文,A选项“它让你精神焕然一新”切题。故选A项。
【小题4】由小标题“It Allows for Social Bonding”(它允许社会联系)和上一句“Walking regularly with someone else enables a friendship to blossom as the pair of you exercise.”(和别人经常散步,友谊会随着你们两个人的锻炼而绽放。)可知,走路有益于社交,上文讲你可以和别人一起走路来增进友谊,说明本段具体会讲和谁一起走路、怎样走路才有益于社交,承接上文,D选项“你也可以和你的伴侣安排定期的散步“约会””切题。故选D项。
【小题5】由小标题“It Allows You See the World Around You”(它让你看到你周围的世界)可知,本段主要讲走路能帮助人看到自己周围的世界,换句话说,即走路能让人接触和享受自己周围生活,承接上文,F选项“散步能提升感官,让你享受与周围生活的丰富接触”切题。故选F项。
四、答案：1. when 2. carefully 3. to learn 4. dancer 5. and 6. married 7. wedding 8. of 9. later 10. was elected
