暑假作业（11）定语从句
2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语
一、填空题
1.The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Atlantic Ocean in ________ hundreds of boats and planes have strangely disappeared.
2.I miss the days ________ I was able to hang out with my best friend.
3.Recently my father bought a Chinese painting, the price of _________ was very reasonable.
4.In 1888 Gandhi sailed to England, _________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer.
5.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
6.No wonder the internet has now become the first place__________ the majority of people turn to for information.
7.I'm very lucky to live a happy life, _________ there is always food on the table, heat in the winter, and above all, love in the house.
8.The past week-long National Holiday, _________ is also known as the Golden Week, is one of the longest nationwide holidays and an important peak season for China's tourism industry.
9.Creating a successful team _______ employees(员工) feel they belong is a big challenge.
10.I live next door to a couple _________ children makes a lot of noise.
二、阅读理解
There's more evidence that what's good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity(中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.
"Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better," said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it's not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don't count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright's team reported in the journal Neurology.
The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI. Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.
"We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower decline than inactive people when comparing the results," the study team wrote.
Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer's disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people's memory function.
1.What's true about the study?
A.Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.
B.Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.
C.High-intensity exercise is better.
D.Ten people scored best on the tests.
2.How did the study team come to the conclusion?
A.By observing people exercise. B.By using examples.
C.By making a comparison. D.By doing a brain MRI.
3.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A.Exercise will definitely strengthen people's memory.
B.Alzheimer's disease may be held back by moderate intensity exercise.
C.Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.
D.The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.
4.What's the best title for this passage?
A.How to keep healthy.
B.Ways to make your brain work better.
C.To exercise or not.
D.Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger.
三、七选五
Think about a self-improvement goal you have, like earning a promotion at work or losing weight. You may feel that you are being stopped from achieving your goal. Then what may be holding you back is a "fixed mindset". Here are some ways to develop a growth mindset.
①_____. When you learn to recognize effort in others, you're changing the thinking way about abilities. Rather than telling your child "You're so smart!" when they do very well in a math test, say "You studied hard for that and deserved a good grade." ②_____.
Look around you. If you can't recognize your own ability to improve, look to family members or friends for evidence that effort and willpower pay off. ③_____. If you think naturally "She's obviously good with languages," reframe your thinking. More likely, she studied hard and practiced often.
Compete with yourself. Caring how we rank is human nature, but caring too much does the opposite and fuels a fixed mindset. ④_____. What's important is not how you compare to others but how you compare to yourself. Are you moving forward and making progress in the areas that you care about? If so, that's all that matters.
Learn from failure. When you have a fixed mindset, the voice in your head says, "I didn't make the sale because I'm terrible at it." ⑤_____. Could it be that you didn't prepare enough to answer all the clients, questions? What could you have done differently to change the outcome? If you think about it hard enough, you'll probably come up with lessons to apply to your next sales opportunity.
A. Get expert help
B. Challenge this mindset
C. Praise for effort, not skill
D. We all have our strengths
E. You'll soon have the confidence for the next challenge
F. Acknowledging effort over talent is an important change
G. Maybe a friend set out to learn Spanish and became fluent
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located in the city of Guanghan, some 40 kilometers north of Chengdu, the Sanxingdui Ruins are home to several artifacts from the Shu Kingdom, an ancient state in ①________ is now Sichuan Province. On March 20, China announced some new major discoveries ②________ (make) at the Sanxingdui Ruins site, providing glimpses of an ancient civilization dating back more than 3 ,000 years.
Among the important cultural finds ③________ (be) gold and bronze masks, bronze ware, as well as ivory and jade items. This is the ④________ (large) finding at the ancient site in more than 30 years, since the first major excavation began in 1986. Zhao Congcang, a professor at Northwest University, said that although the site ⑤________ (discover) almost a century ago, it wasn't until a major excavation in 1986 ⑥________ the historical findings drew wide public attention. At that time, more than 1, 000 relics were unearthed from two pits, ⑦________ (include) a standing bronze figure, a bronze mask, and a 3.95-meter-tall bronze "tree of life" now ⑧________ display at the Sanxingdui Museum.
The new archaeological discoveries represent the country's latest progress made in archaeological development. It will help to ⑨________ (rich) our understanding of the Sanxingdui culture. And it will be of great academic ⑩________ (significant) for research to determine the age of the Sanxingdui Civilization, its cultural context and characteristics, and its origin and flow.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案:which
解析: 考查定语从句。句意:百慕大三角是大西洋上的一个区域,成百上千的船只和飞机在这里奇怪地消失了。结合句意分析句子可知定语从句的先行词为an area,表地点,并在定语从句中用作介词in的宾语,因此使用which引导定语从句。故答案为:which。
2.答案:when
3.答案:which
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:最近我爸爸买了一幅中国画,画的价格很合理。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"a Chinese painting",指物,关系词在从句中作of的宾语;介词后面不能用that,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
4.答案:where
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:1888年,甘地乘船去了英国,他在那里学了三年法律,后来成为了一名律师。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"England",指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
5.答案:whose
解析:句意:此奖项将会颁发给其作品最具有想象力的作者。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the writer,代入定语从句后为:The writer’s story shows the most imagination由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作story的定语,故填whose。
6.答案:that
7.答案:where
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:我很幸运能够过着幸福的生活,桌子上总有食物,冬天有温暖,最重要的是家里有爱。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"a happy life",表示抽象的地点,关系词在从句作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
8.答案:which
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:刚刚过去的持续一星期的国庆假期也称“黄金周”,是最长的公共节假日之一,也是中国旅游业一个重要的旺季。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是“The past week-long National Holiday",指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案:where
10.答案:whose
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子很吵。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"a couple",关系词在从句中作定语修饰"children",与children之间是所属关系,应用whose 引导该从句。故填whose。
二、答案:1-4 ACCD
解析:1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group"可知,对近900名经常锻炼的人的研究表明,90%的人属于低强度组,故选A项。
2.推理判断题。文章第一段表明这项研究将适度运动的人和不运动的人作对比,第三段中的"The 10 percent who said...better on the tests"表明,研究对比了90%低强度运动的人和剩下10%的人,故这项研究是通过作对比来得出结论的。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,很多研究表明运动可能不会阻止阿尔茨海默病的发生,但可以延缓它出现的时间,故C项正确。
4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章介绍了新的研究表明中等强度的运动可以使大脑保持年轻,故D项最适合作文章标题。
三、答案:①-⑤ CFGDB
解析:①空处位于段首,又根据文章结构可推知,空处应是本段的主旨句。空后句讲的是当你学会认可别人的努力时,你就改变了对能力的思考方式,且段中的例子也讲的是应该赞扬孩子的努力和付出,由此可知,本段的主要内容是关于认可努力的,故选C项“赞扬努力,而不是技巧”。
②空前句提到当你的孩子数学考得很好时,你应该表扬的是他的努力而不是他的天赋,再结合本段的主旨句“赞扬努力,而非技巧”可知,肯定努力的重要性也是培养成长型思维的一种方式,所以空处应是"承认努力高于天赋是一个重要的改变",故选F项。
③空前提到你可以向家人或朋友寻求努力和毅力会带来回报的证据,结合后文的“She's obviously good with languages”可知,空后的内容应该就是举例为证,故应选G项“可能一个朋友开始学习西班牙语并且说得很流利”。其中,空前的"family members or friends"与"a friend"相呼应,空后的"languages"与"Spanish"相呼应。
④空前提到关心我们的排名是人类的本性,但过多的关心会适得其反,会加重固定型思维,再结合主旨句"Compete with yourself"和段中的"What's important is not how you compare to others but how you compare to yourself."可知,我们不需要去和别人比较,因为我们每个人都有自己的长处。重要的不是你如何和别人比较,而是你如何和自己比较,即自己与自己竞争。故空处应选D项。
⑤空前讲的是当你有固定型思维的时候,你会认为买卖没做成是因为你不擅长（销售）,而空后讲的是有没有可能是你没做好准备,你可以做些什么来改变结果呢。由此可知,思维模式需要做出改变,所以空处应是"挑战这种思维模式",故选B项。
四、答案:what ; made ; were ; largest ; was discovered; that ; including ; on; enrich ; significance
解析:中国在3月20日宣布了在三星堆遗址的一些新的重大发现,这让人们得以一瞥这个可以追溯到3000多年前的古代文明。
①考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知, ________ is now Sichuan Province是宾语从句,从句缺少指物的主语,所以应由what来引导。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词announced,所以空处应填make的非谓语动词形式。且由句意可知,空处所在的短语作定语,修饰discoveries, make与所修饰词是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词形式。故填made。
③考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文语境可知,此处是指过去的事情。本句是倒装句,主语是"gold and bronze masks, bronze ware",所以be动词应用were。故填were。
④考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the和句意可知,此处应用最高级。故填largest。
⑤考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,空处是从句的谓语,与从句的主语site之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;且由句中的时间状语a century ago可知,应用一般过去时,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。
⑥考查强调句。分析句子可知, "it wasn't until a major excavation in 1986 ⑥________ the historical findings drew wide public attention."是强调句,所以此处应用that。
⑦考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语were unearthed,所以空处应填非谓语动词,且由句意可知,1000多件文物中包括一尊立式的青铜雕像、一张青铜面具和一棵3.95米高的青铜“生命之树”, include与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系,所以填including。
⑧考查介词。on display为固定短语,意为“展出”,故填on。
⑨考查词性转换。句意:这将有助于丰富我们对三星堆文化的理解。空后有宾语our understanding,所以空处应用动词。故填enrich。
⑩考查词性转换。“be of+名词”为固定结构,相当于形容词。be of significance相当于significant,故填significance
