相比美国人，为何欧洲人更懂得与狗狗相处？
人们常说，狗是人类最好的朋友。但本文作者发现，欧洲和美国家庭的宠物狗性情还不太相同，往往更平和、自在，更受欢迎。那么欧洲的养狗文化有哪些值得借鉴之处呢？
What We Can Learn From European Dog Culture
我们能从欧洲的养狗文化中学到什么？
By Sassafras Lowrey
In Europe dogs tend to be welcome in most public spaces and they are calm, relaxed and quiet there. In the United States, however, pet dogs aren’t welcome in most public spaces, and often struggle in the public places where they are allowed.
在欧洲，狗在大多数公共场所都是受欢迎的，它们平和、自在且安静。而在美国，多数公共场所都不欢迎宠物狗，就算在一些允许其入内的地方，宠物狗也不受待见。
Dogs are dogs no matter where they are born. But our behavior has a lot to do with why our dogs might have more behavioral challenges, and there’s something we can do about it.
不论生在哪儿，狗还是狗。但狗狗为什么会遇到更多行为上的挑战，与我们的举止有很大关系。对此，我们能做这些事。
Give your dog some space. Your dog might like you and your family, might even like your friends, but that doesn’t mean he or she wants every stranger to run up and give a hug.
给你的狗狗一些空间。你的狗可能会喜欢你和你的家人，甚至是你的朋友，但这并不代表它希望每个陌生人跑过来抱它。
Zazie Todd, a professional dog trainer, said that “people tend to assume that dogs are sociable and friendly, and don’t necessarily consider if a dog wants affection from them at a particular moment in time.”
专业训犬师扎吉·托德说：“人们倾向于认为狗狗都是善于交际而友好的，并不一定会考虑它们在某个特定时刻是否想要和人类亲近。”
Dog training takes time, and dogs learn best when we use positive reward-based training methods that gently help and encourage dogs by rewarding good behavior.
训练狗狗需要时间，而当我们采用基于积极奖励的训练方法，通过奖励良好行为来温柔地帮助并鼓励狗狗时，狗狗的学习效果最好。
No matter where we live, we can all be a little more thoughtful about how we engage with the pups we encounter. If you have a dog, you can help your pup out by being its advocate and reminding people you encounter your dog isn’t a walking stuffed animal.
不管生活在哪里，我们都应该稍微多思考一下如何与遇到的小狗相处。如果你养狗，你可以这样助它摆脱困境：支持它，并提醒遇到的人你的狗狗不是一只行走的毛绒玩具。
拓展：
1. Dog love is an American condition.
condition n. 资格，条件（qualification）
2. America becomes more united one nation under dogs.
美国人在宣誓的时候经常说：
One nation under God.
3. 汉语中一些关于“狗”的描述：
人不嫌母丑，狗不嫌家贫。
我愿九泉为走狗。（齐白石）
狗眼看人低。
狗嘴里吐不出象牙。
狼心狗肺
狗仗人势
狗腿子
丧家犬
资本家的乏走狗
痛打落水狗
4. 英文中关于“狗”的描述：
Love me, love my dog.
爱屋及乌。
Every dog has its day.
世人皆有出头日。
Dog doesn’t eat dog.
同类不相残。
A good dog deserves a good bone.
论功行赏。
5. Dogs are our canine companions.
狗是我们的伙伴。
Raising a pet dog is really a game changer.
养狗是新生活的开始。
Make sure the dog is always at the end of your leash.
遛狗狗绳不可松。
本课程配乐：
Auld Lang Syne - Celtic Woman
生词好句
1.what UK /wɒt/ US /wɑːt/ deter. ……的事物（the thing/things which）
2.dog UK /dɒɡ/ US /dɑːɡ/ n. 狗（常用于口语） canine adj. 犬的 n. 犬
canine mania 养狗热（dog obsession）
3.tend to do/be sth. 倾向于 Dog owners tend to perceive pets as a panacea.
养狗的人倾向于认为宠物是一种灵丹妙药。
4.calm UK /kɑːm/ US /kɑːm/ adj. 性情温和的；平静的 calm down 冷静一点
5.dogs are dogs 狗毕竟是狗 Children are children and do childish things.
孩子毕竟是孩子，做幼稚的事情很正常。
Boys are boys.
男孩终究是男孩。
6.behavioral challenges 行为举止的挑战（委婉表达behavioral problems） behaviorally challenged students 品行不端的学生
狗狗的行为问题（behavioral challenges）：
digging
chewing
not coming when called
pulling on the leash
separation anxiety
7.at a particular moment in time 在某一特定时刻（timing）
8.assume UK /əˈsjuːm/ US /əˈsuːm/ vt. 假设（if you assume that sth is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly） We can’t assume that he is innocent simply because we know each other.
我们不能因为彼此认识就认为他是无辜的。
近义词：
presume vt. 假定，假设（not certain）
Presumption of Innocence 无罪推定原则
You are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty.
在你被证明有罪之前，你是被假定无罪的。
9.not necessarily 不一定 So-called friends do not necessarily mean true friends.
所谓的朋友不一定是真正的朋友。
10.affection UK /əˈfekʃən/ US /əˈfekʃən/ n. 喜爱，喜欢（a feeling of liking） He has a deep affection for his dog.
他很喜欢狗。
11.reward-based adj. 基于奖励的 词义辨析：
award 指对做出的非凡成就给予的奖励，通常指表彰会上的奖励（an award is a price given to sb. for a accomplishing sth. rare in front of the mass public）
reward 指努力付出取得的回报，是一种经济上的补偿，不一定是指公开的（an accomplishment given to sb. for his efforts; may or may not be given in public）
12.rewarding UK /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ US /rɪˈwɔːrdɪŋ/ adj. 令人满意的，令人有所收获的（giving a reward; feel satisfied） Is it a rewarding job?
这份工作有成就感吗？
13.pup UK /pʌp/ US /pʌp/ n. 小狗
14.walking stuffed animal 活的毛绒玩具 walking adj. 活的
You are a walking dictionary.
你真是个活字典。（夸赞他人词汇量大）
stuffed animal 毛绒玩具
