Lesson 21 Mad or not?
【New words and expressions】（4）
mad adj. 发疯
reason n. 原因
sum n. 量
determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的
★mad adj. 发疯
sb. is mad
“为……而疯狂（着迷）”的表示方法：
be mad about…
I'm mad about English.
be crazy about…
go insane （insane [] adj. 患精神病的，精神病患者的，极愚蠢的）
I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas.
go bananas （go+adj. 变得……)
They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad (变疯了)
★reason n. 原因
for this reason 由于这个理由、原因
For this reason,I was late.
as+句子 由于……
because+句子 由于……
★sum [] n. 量
a sum of +不可数名词 一笔……
a large sum of 大笔的…… (large 指数量的大)
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a great many + 可数名词复数
a great number of + 可数名词复数
plenty of… 足够多的……
★determined adj. 坚定的, 下决心的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
make up one's mind 下定决心
decide to do sth. 决定做……
make a decision to do sth. 决定做……
determine [] v.下定决心
【Text】
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.
参考译文
飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯. 我住在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳. 机场是许多年前建的, 但由于某种原因当时未能启用. 然而去年机场开始使用了. 有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去, 我是少数留下来的人中的一个. 有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒. 他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走, 但我决定留在这儿. 大家都说我肯定是疯了, 也许他们说的是对的.
【课文讲解】
1、Mad or not? = mad or not mad?
or not 在疑问词的后面，表示“是还不是”，选择概念
2、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯
You are driving me mad.
The teacher is slowly driving me mad.
3、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
night and day [] 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)
passing planes 过往飞机 （passing是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，修饰planes，“经过的(路过)，过往的”）
He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。
sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩
waiting car 正在等待的车
4、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
years前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”years ago = many years ago，weeks等的用法与它相似
I have not seen him for weeks.
some+不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些……
some+可数名词单数 某一……
for some reason 由于某个理由
I’ll tell you someday.
We’ll talk about it some other time. 我们改日再谈这件事。
5、Last year, however, it came into use.
however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）
use
① [] n. 使用
come into use 启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）
When did the train come into use?
The road came into use last month.
② [] vt. 使用
be used 被使用（被动）
6、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
over a hundred… 一百多……
must have been done 过去发生, 表示推测，被动
away from 从某地离开（away 离开某地）
out of somewhere 从某地出来
7、I am one of the few people left.
one of… ……之一(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)
One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister.
You can take one of these bags.
left表示被留下来的，leave 过去分词, left作定语放在被修饰词的后面
left 剩下的……东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们”
I have a bag left.
There is ten cents left in my pocket. （cent [] n.(货币单位)分, 分币）
8、Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
knock down 撞倒
offer [] v. 提供（相当于given）
双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以sb.做主语或以sth.做主语
give sb. sth.——>被动 sb. be given sth.
give sth. to sb.——>被动 sth. be given to sb.
双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语
原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.
【Key structures】
被动语态
被动语态可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有情态功能的will和would）。
He may have been told the news.
The shops must have been closed now.
动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态，也可以在不定式中用被动语态：
Mary was told to meet us. = They told Mary meet us.
在句型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中，这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。但由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些：
Sam was given a gold watch. = A gold watch was given to Sam.
【Special Difficulties】
Drive的用法
① v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven, driving)
drive to… 开车去往某地
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
② vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）
drive sb. away from 把某人赶走
drive sb. out of 把某人赶出去
During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.
drive sb. back 撵回去
Our army drove the enemy back.
③ vt. 逼迫，迫使
drive sb. mad 逼疯
The death of all her children has driven her mad.
Home and House
home n. &adv. 家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，带有感情色彩）
I have a sweet home.
house n. 房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）
Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。
【Multiple choice questions】
4 It couldn't be used then. It wasn't ___d___ to use it.
a. able b. allowed c. impossible d. possible
it+be动词+形容词+to do（翻译时先译 “to” 后面的句子） ……是……的
be able to强调主语能够做某事, 主语必须是人
it+be动词+表语, be allowed 不能充当表语.
如将 “it” 改为 “people(人)” 就A,B都正确
5 Over a hundred people must have been driven away. ___a___ they were.
a. I think b. I'm sure c. Certain d. Of course
must have been done：对过去的一种被动语态的推测
must have done : 对过去的一种推测
I'm sure 我肯定
I’m sure she is teacher.
I think 我认为
of course 当然 ； certain adj. 当然（词性不对, 句子前不应放形容词）
9 I have been offered a large ___a___ of money.
a. amount b. number c. some d. piece
a large number of +可数名词（不能加不可数名词）
an amount of+不可数 一大笔……
some of/plenty of 前面是不加 “a/an”
10 I am determined to stay here. I ___d___ stay here.
a. am will to b. want to c. may d. am going to
be going to 打算、计划
want to 来自心里的一种想, 喜好，喜欢……
Lesson 22 A glass envelope
【New words and expressions】（4）
dream v. 做梦，梦想
age n. 年龄
channel n. 海峡
throw v. 扔，抛
★dream v. 做梦, 梦想
① vt. 做梦，梦见
dream that +从句
I dreamt/dreamed (that) I was in Scotland.
② vi. 做梦，梦见（与of，about连用）
dream on 继续做梦, 痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)
dream of/about sth. 梦想
I often dream of/about you.
dream of doing sth. 梦想
I dreamed of flying in the sky.
I dreamed of finding the gold. / I dream of being a good teacher.
think of 想，考虑，想起
Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party?
你会想起你在一个晚会上遇到的姑娘们吗？
③ n. 梦；梦想，幻想
have a dream = dream a dream 做了一个梦
Have a good/sweat dream! 祝你做个好梦!
Have you heard of the American Dream?
dream boat 梦中情人, 梦寐以求的(物, 人)
Do you have dream boat? 你有梦中情人吗?
daydream 思想开小差，做白日梦
She is daydreaming.
★age n. 年龄
teengager n. 十几岁的人
adolenscent [] n. 青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)
★throw（threw，thrown） v. 扔, 抛
① vt. 投，扔，抛
Don’t throw stones at the dog.
Throw the ball to Tom.
throw away 扔掉
Shall I throw this old newspaper away?
② 把……对准目标，向……作出举动
George was very happy today. Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning.
The boss threw him an angry look.
【Text】
My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
参考译文
我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信. 去年, 当我们横渡英吉利海峡时, 简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子, 又将瓶子扔进了大海. 此后她就再没去想那只瓶子. 但10个月以后, 她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信. 现在这两位姑娘定期通信了. 然而她们还是决定利用邮局. 这样会稍微多花点钱, 但肯定是快得多了.
【课文讲解】
1、My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.
同位语 My daughter，Jane
dream of doing sth. 梦想，幻想……
…of one's own age 同年龄的……
He is boy of my own age.
receive…from… 从……收到……
2、Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.
the Channel= the English Channel 英吉利海峡
with可放在句子后面做状语用，也可放在名词后面做定语。这里的“with her name and address on it”用来修饰名词“a piece of paper”。
I have a bag with books in it.(“in it” 不能省略)
3、Both girls write to each other regularly now.
write to sb. 给某人写信
write (a letter) to me
each other 相互，彼此，往往强调两者之间的相互 ([] 注意连读)有时这个短语也可用来指许多人之间“互相”
We must all help each other.
one another 强调三或三者以上的相互，有时可替代each other
4、Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
cost意为“（使）花费，价钱为……”,其主语通常为某物或某件事情
It costs a lot to buy a house.
sth. cost (sb.) ……花了某人……（钱）
The dress cost me twenty pounds.
more即可做形容词, 又可做代词，文中的 “more” 为代词 = more money
give me more 再给我一点
a little 稍微，可以修饰比较级；much修饰比较级，译为“多得多”
It's a little hotter.
It's much hotter.
That is more expensive. （贵一些）
That is a little more expensive. （稍微有点贵）
That is much more expensive. （贵得多）
but they will certainly travel faster.
=but they will certainly travel much faster.
【Key structures】
跟of, from, in和on的动词
动词+介词的固定短语通常可分开使用，可以有自己的宾语，并且大部分都可用于被动结构：
1、后接of的动词：accuse of（控告）；approve of（赞成）；assure of（让……放心）；beware of（谨防）；boast of/about（夸耀）, complain of/about（埋怨）；consist of（由……组成）；convince of/about（使信服）；cure of（治愈）；despair of（丧失……希望）；dream of/about（幻想）；expect of/from（期望）；hear of/from（听到……消息）；be/get rid of（摆脱）；smell of（闻到）；suspect of（对……猜疑）；think of/about（思考）；tired of（对……感到厌烦）；warn of/against（警告……有危险）
Someone must warm him of the difficulties. 必须有人提醒他有这些困难。
He has already been warned of them. 他已经被警告过了。
Don’t expect too much of your child.
He must have spoken of the matter to John.
I have never heard of the actress.
2、后接from的动词：borrow from（从……借）；defend from/against （保护……使免于）；demand from/of（向……要求）；differ from（有别于）；dismiss from（解雇）；draw from（从……中得出）；emerge from（从……出现）；escape from（从……逃出）；excuse from/for（允许不……）；hinder from（阻止）；prevent from（妨碍）；prohibit from（不准许）；protect from/against（向……提抗议）；receive from（接到）；separate from（把……分开）；suffe from（受难）
He has already received money from three aunts. 他已经收到三个姑妈的钱了
He borrowed three books from Mary.
He always asked for help from parents.
3、后接in的动词：believe in（信仰）；delight in（喜欢）；employ(ed) in （从事）；encourage in（鼓励）；engage(d) in（正做）；experience(d) in（在……有经验）；fail in（没有尽到）；help in/with（帮助）；include in（包括）；indulge in（沉醉）；instruct in（教导）；interest(ed) in（对……感兴趣）；invest in（投资）；involved in（卷入）；persist in（坚持）；share in（分享）
She delights in working hard. 她喜欢努力工作。
He failed in his French test. 他法语考试没有通过。
Jack helped me in driving the sheep home. 杰克帮我把羊赶回家。
Mrs. Turner is experienced in teaching. 特纳夫人很有教学经验。
4、后接on的动词：act on（遵守）；based on（在……基础上）；call on（拜访）；comment on（评论）；concentrate on（集中于）；congratulate on（祝贺）；consult on/about（商量）；count on（依赖）；decide on（决定）；depend on（依靠）；economize on（节约）；embark on（从事）；experiment on（尝试）；insist on（坚持）；lean on/against（倚靠于……）；live on（靠……为生）；operate on（起作用）；perform on/in（扮演）；pride(oneself) on（为……感到自豪）；rely on（依靠）；vote on a motion/for someone（对……表决(投……的票)）；, write on/about（写……的事）；.
I think he wrote on the cost of living. 我想他写的是关于生活费用方面的。
He finally decided on going home. 他最后决定回家。
You can’t live on fruit only. 你不能只吃水果。
Last Sunday, we called on Mr. Dupont.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Jane never dreamed ___d___ a letter.
a. to receive b. to receiving c. of receive d. that she would receive
dream of doing sth./dream that +从句
8 We were travelling across the Channel. We went on a ___c___ across the Channel.
a. sail b. travel c. trip d. run
go on a trip 进行旅行
9 Jane wrote her name and address on a ___d___ of paper.
a. lump b. bar c. tube d. sheet
a lump of paper 一团纸
a bar of 一条, 一块
a tube of paper 一桶(管)纸
a piece of paper/a sheet of paper 一张纸
10 Both girls often write to each other now. They write ___a___ .
a. frequently b. occasionally c. sometimes d. now and again
often = frequently
occasionally(偶尔) = sometimes(有时) = now and again(时而, 不时)
7 The girls write ___a___ regularly now.
a.to one another b.the one to the other c.each to other d.to other
one another(三者) = each other(两者) 互相，彼此，一般可互换
They love each other.
Lesson 23 A new house
【New words and expressions】（4）
complete v. 完成
modern adj. 新式的，与以往不同的
strange adj. 奇怪的
district n. 地区
★complete v. 完成 (喜欢与建筑工程连用)
① vt. 完成，结束
complete the building
Work on the new school will be completed next year.
② adj. 完整的，全部的
《鲁迅全集》中的 “全集” 就用 “complete”
Do you know the complete story?
This is a complete family.
③ adj. 十足的，彻底的，绝对的
There is complete silence in the room.
That was a complete surprise.
finish v. 完成
finish/complete homework
finish/complete doing sth. 某事做完了
I finish reading a book.
★modern adj. 新式的, 与以往不同的，现代的
modern history/art 现代史/ 现代艺术
modernization[] n.现代化
★strange adj. 奇怪的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉而觉得奇怪, 陌生的)
① adj. 外地的，异乡的
Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing.
② adj. 陌生的，生疏的
That morning, he saw a strange face in the classroom.
be strange to sth. 对……不习惯, 对……陌生
This city is quite strange to me.
stranger n. 陌生人 (注意[] 应读成[])
③ adj. 不平常的，奇特的，奇怪的，古怪的
The house looks strange to some people.
A strange thing happened this afternoon.
★district n. 地区，行政划分的区域, 城市内的
district n. 地区，行政区，地域，地带，通常隶属于某个整体或具有某些地理特征
Haidian District 北京的海淀区
The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful. 英国北部的湖区非常美丽。
area n. 地段
region[] n.地带，区域，地方，(世界上某个特定的)地区, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层
【Text】
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.
参考译文
昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信, 她住在尼日利亚. 在信中她说她明年将到英国来. 如果她来了, 她会感到非常惊奇了. 我们现在住在乡间的一栋漂亮的新住宅里. 这栋房子在我姐姐离开之前就已动工了, 是在5个月以前竣工的. 我在信中告诉她, 她可以和我们住在一起. 这栋房子里有许多房间, 还有一个漂亮的花园. 它是一栋非常现代化的住宅, 因此在有些人看来很古怪. 它肯定是这个地区唯一的一栋现代化住宅.
【课文讲解】
1、If she comes, she will get a surprise.
get a surprise 感到惊奇（这里surprise是可数名词，指“令人惊奇的事，意想不到的事”）
It’s a surprise to me that they can’t sell their flat.
surprise也可以作不可数名词，表示“惊讶”
She looked at the man in surprise.
to one's surprise = I get a shock. 吃了一惊
2、We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.
a beautiful new house
离一个名词最近的词跟该词的关系最密切, 冠词肯定是放在最前面的
spare old cloth 不穿的旧衣服
a big red flag 大红旗 (flag [] n. 旗, 标记；v. 标记)
3、Work on it had begun before my sister left.
work（工作，作业）是抽象的不可数名词，“……的工作”后面必须用介词on
4、In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us.
stay with 跟……暂住在一起 （stay vi. 暂住，逗留）
He stayed with his uncle last week.
【Special Difficulties】
There is and It is
在说明或询问人或物等的存在时可用there be结构。这种结构可以用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及现在完成时等时态。在用there表示过存在后，就必须用it或人称代词作进一步说明：
There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.
There’s a man at the door. It’s the postman.
it作为“虚主语”表示时间、距离、天气等概念时，不能用there be结构
It’s fifteen miles to the station.
Exercise(用it或there填空)
3 ______ were some men digging up the road outside my house.
there : There+be+sb.+doing+地点 : 某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)
digging up: 挖出, 找出
4 Look at those clouds. I think ______ will be a thunderstorm.
there : 在表示天气的时候, 后面如果是动词或形容词, 用it, 如果是名词, 用there be.
It is raining(动词)/It is cold(形容词).
There be +名词 : There is a rain. 那儿有一场雨
thunderstorm [] n.雷暴, 大雷雨
9 After dinner ______ will be a long discussion on politics.
there
on politics 关于政治 (politics [] n.政治, 政治学, 政纲, 政见)
10 When will ______ be convenient for you to come?
it
When will it be convenient for you? 什么时候对你来说最方便?
Lesson 24 It could be worse
【New words and expressions】（7）
manager n. 经理
upset adj. 不安
sympathetic adj. 表示同情的
complain v. 抱怨
wicked adj. 很坏的，邪恶的
contain v. 包含，内装
honesty n. 诚实
★manager n. 经理(用能力, 办事的)
boss n. 老板（有钱）
head n. 头儿，领导（表示重要，系亲密的人物）
★upset adj. 不安(事发后)
nervous adj. 紧张，不安(事发前)
★complain v. 抱怨
① vi. 抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦（常与of，about连用）
complain of/about …(to sb.) 对某人/向某人抱怨……
Don’t complain about/of the weather.
I compianed of my salary to my boss.
② vi. 控告，抗议（与of，about连用）
The people in that district complained to the police about the noise from that factory.
那家工厂噪音太大，当地的人们已向警方投诉。
Mary complained to the Jacksons about the rubbish they had thrown everywhere.
杰克逊一家乱扔垃圾，玛丽已向他们提出抗议。
★wicked adj. 很坏的, 邪恶的
① adj. 邪恶的，坏的（道德上的坏，可用 “evil” 替代）
She saw a wiched smile on his face.
② adj. 淘气的，顽皮的（尤指小孩）
Don’t be so wicked, Tom.
③ adj.（天气）恶劣的
Few people walked about in this wicked weather.
★contain v. 包含, 内装(强调用容器装)
container n. 集装箱，容量
contain v. 用容器装
The cup contains water. = The cup is full of water.
The bag contains books.
include v. 包含
★honesty n. 诚实
honest adj. 诚实的
honestly adv. 诚实地
I honestly don’t know. 我真的不知道。
【Text】
I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. 'I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room,' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world!'
参考译文
我走进饭店经理的办公室, 坐了下来. 我刚刚丢了50英镑, 感到非常烦恼. “我把钱放在房间里, “我说, “可现在没有了. “经理深表同情, 但却无能为力. “现在大家都在丢钱, “他说. 他开始抱怨起这个邪恶的世道来, 却被一阵敲门声打断了. 一个姑娘走了进来, 把一个信封放在了他桌上. 它里面装着50英镑. “这是我在这位先生的房门外捡到的, “她说. “是啊, “我对那位经理说, “这世界上还是有诚实可言的!”
【课文讲解】
1、I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down.
the hotel manger’s office 名词可以修饰名词
telephone number 电话号码
the village fair 乡村集市 (the fair of the village = the fair in the village)
2、I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset.
lose vt. 遗失，丢失（宾语一般为钱物）
Don’t lose your key.
feel +形容词一般指心情“觉得……，感觉到……”
feel upset 心烦意乱，很苦恼
3、The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing.
could do nothing= could do nothing about it 对此事无能为力
I could do nothing to help you. 我没有办法帮你, 我无能为力
Can you help me?
Sorry,I could do nothing for you. / Certainly. Of couse. It’s my pleasure.
4、'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said.
days可以指“时期，时代”，如in his boyhood days（在他的童年时代）。these days指“现今”用进行时态取代一般现在时, 在英文是一种修辞方法, 表示不满, 一种感情。
5、He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
start to do sth. = start doing sth. 开始做某事，两者无区别
a knock at the door (敲门声)
knock at the door (敲门, 指动作)
6、A girl came in and put an envelope on the desk.
=A girl came in with an envelope and put it on the desk.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 He could do nothing. He couldn't do ___c___ .
a. something b. nothing c. anything d. everything
I can do nothing for you.
nothing=not anything； not any=no
6 Where did she find the money? ___a___ the room.
a. Outside b. Out of c. Out d. Without
outside adv&prep. 在外面
He is outside./He is outside the school.
out of 从……到外面去, 一定要和有实在意义的动词连用
get/go/come out of
out adv. 在……外面, 副词不会加名词
10 He lost his money. His money was ___b___ .
a. losing b. missing c. going away d. disappearing
lose v. 丢失
sb. lose sth. 人丢失东西（宾语一般为钱物）
miss v. 怀念, 错过, 丢失
missing adj. 丢失的
My keys are lost/missing.
I lose my book /My book was lost /is missing /be missed.
My child is missing. （人丢了只能用missing，不能用be lost）
missing boy 失踪的孩子
go away 离开(人走)
sb. go away
be gone 不见了
《Gone with wind》 《飘》(随风而逝),
My book is gone. 我的书不见了
disappear vi. 不见了(瞬间动词), 没有被动语态, 也很少用进行时态
His money disppeared.
表示东西不见了的几种表示：lose sth./sth. be lost；sth. is missing；sth. is gone.；sth./sb. disappear/disappeared
Lesson 25 Do the English speak English?
【New words and expressions】（5）
railway n. 铁路
porter n. 搬运工
several quantifier 几个
foreigner n. 外国人
wonder v. 感到奇怪
★railway n. 铁路
railroad 铁路（美）
railway/railroad station 火车站
★several quantifier 几个
several＝a number of… 一些，只能修饰可数
several times 许多次（不能说some times）
some 一些, 即可以修饰可数, 又可以修饰不可数
a great number of… 大量的
some time 一段时间
some time age 一段时间以前
sometime adv. 某时
I will defeat you sometime. (总有一天我将打败你)
sometimes adv. 有时, 偶尔
★wonder v. 感到奇怪
① n. 奇迹，奇观，奇才；惊奇，惊讶
Jane is a wonder. She never fails in her examinations.
the seven wonders of the world in ancient times 世界古代七大奇观
② vi.&vt. 感到惊讶，感到诧异，对……事情感奇怪
They wondered that there was a modern building in district.
wonder at sth.
I wonder at the beauty of the old town.
③ vt.&vi.（对……）感到疑惑/怀疑，想要知道
wonder +if +从句 是否……
I wonder if you have any spare time.
wonder +特殊疑问词 +从句
I wonder what time it is.
I wonder why you are late.
I wondered where you were going.
Could you tell me how to get to?/I wondered how to get there. 问路
no wonder 难怪
wonderful adj. 极好的
【Text】
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?
参考译文
我终于到了伦敦. 火车站很大, 又黑又暗. 我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走, 于是向一个搬运工打听. 我的英语讲得不但非常认真, 而且咬字也非常清楚. 然而搬运工却不明白我的话. 我把问话重复了很多遍. 他终于听懂了. 他回答了, 但他讲得既不慢也不清楚. “我是个外国人, “我说. 于是他说得慢了, 可我还是听不懂. 我的老师从来不那样讲英语!我和搬运工相视一笑. 接着, 他说了点什么, 这回我听懂了. “您会很快学会英语的!” 他说. 我感到奇怪. 在英国, 人们各自说着一种不同的语言. 英国人之间相互听得懂, 可我却不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?
【课文讲解】
1、Do the English speak English?
English这里均为名词，第一个指“英国人”，前面要加the，表示一个群体，后面的动词必须用复数；第二个指“英语”，指语言时前面不加冠词。
The English often talk about the weather.
English还可以作形容词，表示“英格兰的，英国的，英国人的”等。
与English相似的单词有French，Chinese，Japanese等。
2、I arrived in London at last.
arrive vi. 到达
arrive at 小地点；arrive in 大地点
When will you arrive?
reach vt. 到达……（后面一定要加宾语）
When will you reach(arrive in) BeiJing?
get to+宾语 到达……
When will you get to BeiJing?
How can I get there?
home/there都是副词，副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词，arrive也一样；但一般不用“reach home/there”，如一定要这样写则把“home”看作名词，“there”当代词看, 不作副词看
get home 到家；get there 到那
3、The railway station was big, black and dark.
并列的表达方式中前面都是用逗号隔开, 最后两个用and连接
balck 颜色(建筑物)
The room is black.
dark 没有光线
It is dark.
4、I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
the way to … 通往……路
Can you tell me the way to…
I don't know the way to…. Can you tell me how to get there?
I don't know the way to the school and where is it?
I know the way.
know sth. well 对……很熟悉
I know the boy well.
5、I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
not only...but...as well= not only…but also… 不但……而且……
I can speak not only Chinese but English as well.
Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well.
Not only you but also I will go there.主语并列(一般不这么用)
not only喜欢放在动词的前面，一般遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候, 习惯放在两者之间
I can not only speak Chinese but English as well.(更习惯的说法)
I not only like my mother but my father as well.
as well本身的含义是“也、又、还”
If you go home tomorrow, I’ll go as well.
He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well.
6、He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.
neither…nor… ……既不，也不……
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York.
7、My teacher never spoke English like that!
like这里是介词，表示“像，像……一样”
There’s no one like you. 没有人像你一样。
He speaks like a foreigner.
To learn English well is to study hard.
但在口语中 : To learn English well is study hard. (没to)
【Letter Writing】
写信人的地址位于信纸的右上角，被称为“信头”，地址后面总是接写日期
St.是 Steet的缩略
逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者
I am in class 1,Grade 1.
在日期里, 月和日之间不需要逗号，且月和日的顺序可互换，但在年代之前要有逗号，日期是以序数词出现的，月份一定要是英语字母
February the fourth, 1998 =the fourth of February, 1998
Haidian District,(海淀区)
BeiJing,
China.(最后一个地点要打上句号)
【Key structures】
并列句中的语序
通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中，各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。
并列连词可以用来表示另加（and）、对比（but，yet）、选择（or）、连续（and，then）以及结局或结果（so）。
however 用在句号的后面, 单独成句, 于前边的句子只有意思上的承接, 没有语法上的承接, 语法上的承接表转折只能用 but
一些并列句的连词：and，and then，but，so，yet，or，not only…but…as well 不但……而且……，neither…nor… 既不……也不……，either…or… 或者……或者……，both…and… 两者都
yet adv. 然而
放在句末或句中, 与否定句, 疑问句相连, 并且与现在完成时用得比较多
Have you finished yet?
yet=but 连词，放在两个句子间, 起转折作用
or adv. 或者, 否则
Hurry up ,you will be late. /Hurry up,or you will be late.
当主语由and或both…and连接, 通常采用复数谓语动词.
Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
当主语由 neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also 或or 连接时，谓语动词与nor,or,but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”，离动词最近的名词是单数, 整个主语就视为单数；离动词最近的名词是复数, 整个主语就视为复数
Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
Not only Mary but also her parents have jgone abroad.
【Multiple choice questions】
5 He didn't speak slowly and he didn't speak clearly ___b___ .
a. neither b. either c. too d. nor
not和neither不会连用，too用于肯定句，either用于跟否定句结尾
一句话中一般不允许出现两个否定句
8 I repeated my question several times. I repeated it ___b___ times.
a. much b. a number of c. only a few d. three
several = some = a number of
much后面不加可数名词，没有only a few这个短语，quite a few 相当多的
9 At last he understood. He understood ___a___ .
a. in the end b. at least c. lastly d. at the finish
at last= in the end 最后、最终
lastly adj. 最新的、最近的一段时间
at least 至少
【语法精粹】
1.They ___B____ the trip until the rain stopped.
A. continued B. didn't continue C. hadn't continued D. would continue
until是前面和后面用一般过去时和过去完成时都对，但是我们在一般情况下两个都用一般过去时
2.The local peasants gave the solders clothes and food without which they __A___ of hunger and cold. (without 在这里表示条件)
A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died
虚拟语气
3.It was not until then that I came to know that the earth __D__around the sun.
A. moved B. has moved C. will move D. moves
It was not until that是强调结构,首先将“It was…that”去掉，再将“not”移到“that”后面的句子中，分析句子时后半句改为 :
I didn't come to know that the earth around the sun until then.
（until then 是在那个时候之前）
His father did not leave until he returned home.
变成强调句形式 : It was not until he returned home that his father left.
I don't get up until lunch time.
变成强调句形式 : It is not until lunch time that I get up.
4. When all those present(到场者)__D__he begin his lecture.
A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated
seat vt. 做动词的时候两种情况① seat sb.；② sb. be seated
sit vi. 坐
sb. sit down
5.If I had had time, I would have written to you. But in fact I___not.
A. have B.would have C. had D. had had
虚拟语气
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