Ⅰ 外刊输入——悟语言之道
All Over the World
The vast Amazon Rainforest, the Italian city of Venice and a Mediterranean diet of fresh fruit and vegetables...What do these three things have in common? They are all items of world heritage.
World heritage means the invaluable things we inherit from the past. It is a rich tapestry (织锦) of memories, both natural and manmade. Like a time machine, heritage not only takes us back to our ancestors and even earlier, but also enables us to wonder at the natural world, traditions and human civilisation.
This year marks the 45th anniversary of the first World Heritage List made by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the adoption of the World Heritage Convention (WHC)．
The goal of the WHC is to encourage the global community (社区) of nations to identify and protect natural and cultural sites of “outstanding universal value”. China took part in the WHC in December 1985. By this year, 55 cultural and natural properties in China had been added to the UNESCO list to prevent them from damage. And related committee was established to further its efforts.
UNESCO separates heritage items into three categories (类别): natural, cultural and intangible (非物质的)．
Natural heritage usually means naturally occurring wonders of the world, like the Great Barrier Reef in Australia or the Amazon in Brazil. These places record the ongoing development process of the natural world and are important habitats for many creatures.
Cultural heritage refers to manmade examples of national, ethnic or cultural heritage. Places like Moscow's Red Square can stand for a particular moment in the civilisation of humankind. Known as one of the historic ancient buildings in China, seeing the Temple of Heaven has long been a must when travelling in Beijing. They are valuable cultural resources telling as much a story of the past as a history book.
Intangible heritage often includes cultural practices that are important to explain the history of the world. Chinese calligraphy, for example, can reveal many things about civilisation, just as the city of Venice can. For this reason, intangible heritage is protected as much as physical (cultural and natural) heritage is.
Whatever form it takes，it is worthwhile to care and preserve every world heritage item. Great contributions have been made accordingly so far. And more are on the way to promote this cause. Therefore, this summer, join us on a journey as we explore some of our world heritage. Get ready to be amazed！
1.重点词汇再现
(1)heritage n． 遗产
(2)tradition n. 传统
(3)UNESCO 联合国教科文组织
(4)identify v. 找到
(5)take part in 参加
(6)prevent v. 阻止
(7)committee n. 委员会
(8)establish v. 创立
(9)further v. 促进
(10)process n. 过程
(11)Moscow 莫斯科
(12)historic adj. 历史上著名的
(13)temple n. 寺庙
(14)worthwhile adj. 值得的
(15)preserve v. 保护
(16)contribution n. 贡献
(17)promote v. 提升
2．重点句型再现：“not only...but also...”意
为“不但……而且……”
Like a time machine, heritage not only takes us back to our ancestors and even earlier, but also enables us to wonder at the natural world, traditions and human civilisation.
历史遗产就像一台时光机，不仅让我们回到我们祖先所在的时代甚至更早，而且使我们能够对自然世界、传统和人类文明产生好奇。
Ⅱ 迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)
序号 | 佳句呈现 | 赏析 |
1 | There comes a time when the old must give way to the new①， and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past② as we move towards the future③. | 描写在发展过程中，新旧交替出现的问题。①when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time；类似的句型还有there was a time when，表示“曾经有一段……的时光”；②it此处充当形式主语，真正的主语是to preserve everything from our past；③as引导时间状语从句。 |
2 | Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. | 本句用来描述两者之间保持平衡的困难，可以适当仿写。其中Finding and keeping 为动词ing短语作主语，使句子的描写更有动态感。 |
3 | Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. | 描写挑战与机遇并存。 |
4 | In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. | 句中in order to do sth.作目的状语，相当于so as to do sth.。此处有三个并列的to do 不定式：to control、to produce 和to supply。 |
续 表
序号 | 佳句呈现 | 赏析 |
5 | But the proposal led to protests. | 描写提议遭到反对。lead to意为“导致”；两个高级词汇构成亮点： proposal意为“提议” 和protest意为“抗议”。 |
6 | The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. | 描写求助的两个方面：ask for contributions(请求帮助)和raise funds(筹集资金)。后面分别用两个不同的介词短语表示求助的不同途径：from different departments(从不同的部门)和within the international community(在国际社会范围内)。 |
7 | Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. | 描写寻求解决问题的具体过程。特别注意动词的联动用法：investigated the issue (调查研究), conducted several tests(实施/做实验)and then made a proposal (提出建议)．..既可以精确地描绘出具体的过程，也可以形象地说明为了快速解决问题，大家行动的迅速性。 |
8 | The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. | 描写合作和团结的场景。特别注意bring together，意为“团结”。 |
9 | Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. | 描写拯救文化遗迹的成就。特别注意形容词countless，意为“无数的”。 |
10 | When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. | 概括描述最终的成功。词组be considered (as)意为“被看作；被视作”；a great success是抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”。 |
11 | Not only① had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past②， but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together③ to build a better tomorrow. | 属于概括总结性描述，适合描写合作共赢；发展与保护文化遗迹并进。①“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”；当not only 置于句首时，not only 分句需要用部分倒装；②that引导定语从句修饰先行词a path；③it was possible for sb. to do sth.意为“某人有可能做某事”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是to do 不定式。 |
12 | The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. | 概括描述“精神长存”。 |
13 | If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution. | 描写合作能够找到解决问题的方法。 |
14 | A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China's ancient cultural heritage. | 句中“to help increase...cultural heritage”表示“旨在加强人们对中国古代文化遗产方面的认识和鉴赏力”。 |
15 | They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history. | 本句用以描写丝绸之路的情况。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mogao Caves。 |
续 表
序号 | 佳句呈现 | 赏析 |
16 | The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. | 本句用以描写莫高窟或丝绸之路的情况。 |
17 | By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet①， the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China's ancient history, culture, and traditions②. | 本句描写通过努力，促进人们对中国传统文化的兴趣。①“by doing sth.”作方式状语； ②表示“促进人们对中国古代历史、文化和习俗产生更广泛的兴趣”。特别注意高级词汇promote，属于亮点表达。 |
18 | They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. | 本句描写保护传统及历史遗迹。 |
19 | Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. | 本句从本国历史角度，描写尊重和欣赏历史的重要性。Appreciating one's own cultural heritage 为动词ing 短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 |
20 | Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding. | 本句从世界历史角度，描写尊重和欣赏历史的重要性。和句19连用，构成递进关系。Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries为动词ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 |
Ⅲ 读后续写入门篇：关注衔接
一篇好的文章不仅需要丰富的内容、巧妙的构思和规范的表达，还需要能够把这些内容联系起来的语篇衔接手段。衔接包括两个方面：字句连贯性(Coherence)和语意连贯性(Cohesion)。
1．字句连贯性是指顺畅、合理地把文章里的单词、短语和句子连贯起来的技巧。首先要确保每个段落只会表达一个信息或思想；然后将多个段落有序地排列起来。在续写中，尤其是在续写的两个段落之间，每段结构紧凑，内容有序；两个段落和原文一起构成逻辑性排列。
2．语意连贯性是指句子之间前后连贯、互相呼应的程度。语意连贯性越强，越容易展示文本内容及想要传递的信息。最佳的选择就是善用连接词，连接句子并引出下文信息。
读后续写需要关注的衔接有四个方面：
续写第二段和段首句的衔接
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料， 完成以下任务。
Most young kids are very selfcentred most of the time. It's like their brain metres are stuck on “selfish”. This certainly described me, until I met my dear grandmother.
My father had been born in Japan, and he had many old photographs of the palatial (宫殿般的) estate that had belonged to his family through many generations. He told me stories of gorgeous rooms full of golden furniture and silk wall papers. He also described magnificent gardens, full of the sweet scents of exotic flowers and the gentle thin stream of graceful fountains.
From all these, I figured my grandmother must be rich. I had never met her before she came from Japan, but at eight, I reasoned that if I were nice to her, she would take me back to Japan to live in luxury. It was a good plan, I thought, and I vowed to spend time with my grandmother so she would grow to love me and want me to accompany her upon her return.
We went to pick her up at the airport. “There she is！” my father called. I expected to see some royal kimonoclad (穿着和服的) creature like I'd seen in pictures. Instead, I saw a tiny woman with silver hair, wearing an ordinary blue suit. She did not look wealthy to me. Still, I vowed to be attentive, to make myself indispensable to her during her stay.
To get closer to her, I flattered her into telling me stories about old Japan. She enjoyed making needle craft with delicate designs, and as she worked, she wove tales of Japanese legends and history as delicate and beautiful as the designs she created. I listened, fascinated. Her words were a mix of the two languages, so I didn't completely understand everything at first. Interestingly, however, as her English improved, so did my understanding of Japanese.
注意：续写词数应为 150 左右。
No one spoke of her going back, and I was like an ant on a hot pot.___________
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My dreams of a luxurious life had been broken.____________________________
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1．通读全文，本文文体为：
Narration记叙文
Argument议论文
Exposition说明文
2．一审——审要素
时态 | 一般过去时 | |
六要素 | When | until I__met__my__dear__grandmother;__at eight |
Where | my home outside Japan | |
Who | I, my father ; my grandmother | |
What | My father told me stories of gorgeous rooms and described magnificent gardens. I figured my__grandmother__must__be__rich． I vowed to__spend__time with my grandmother so she would grow__to__love__me and want me to__accompany__her__upon__her__return． To get closer to her, I flattered her into telling me stories about old Japan. Interestingly, however, as her English improved, so__did__my__understanding__of__Japanese. | |
Why | 第一段段首句：No one spoke of her going back, and I was like an ant on a hot pot. Why didn't__my__grandmother__return__to__Japan？ | |
How | 第二段段首句：My dreams of a luxurious life had been broken. How did__I__learn__the__lesson？ | |
3.二定——定主题
主题：I learned the true meaning of wealth—not the gorgeous rooms or magnificent gardens but the love among family members and the understanding of one's root culture.
4．三推测——关注衔接，尤其是段首句定基调
(1)续写内容和原文的衔接
根据原文段首：Most young kids are very selfcentred most of the time. It's like their brain metres are stuck on “selfish”. This certainly described me, until I met my dear grandmother.可知“我”是 selfcentred, selfish (形容词), 但是祖母的到来改变了“我”。
所以续写的内容应该集中于“我”改变的过程。
(2)续写第一段和段首句的衔接
首先标出第一段段首句的关键词。
No one spoke of her going back, and I was like an__ant__on__a__hot__pot．
an ant on a hot pot意为“热锅上的蚂蚁”。根据此处可知，“我”非常迫切想去日本过奢侈的生活。因此，“我”会主动问祖母的归期，并得到祖母的回应。
(3)续写第一段段末和第二段段首句的衔接
首先标出第二段段首句的关键词。
My dreams of a luxurious life had been broken．
根据此句可知，“我”的梦想破灭了。由此可知，第一段的段末将会提及梦想破灭的原因。结合预测的第一段的内容可知，应该是祖母的回应使“我”的梦想破灭，此处就是第一段段末和第二段段首句的衔接之处。
(4)续写第二段和段首句的衔接
根据第二段段首句可知，“我”的梦想破灭之后，作为一个小孩，“我”的反应是感到失望和痛苦，甚至用行为表现出来。但是结合文章中心，“我”的态度应该发生了积极的改变。“我”的价值观也从关注wealth 转变为关注love。
