中国传统文化：语法填空1
01.交子与纸币
Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the 1._________(early) known use of metal coins. 2._________ paper money was certainly easier to carry in large amounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeiting and inflation.
At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), the government licensed specific deposit shops 3._________ people could leave their coins and receive notes. In the 1100s, Song authorities decided 4._________(take) direct control of this system, 5._________(issue) the world's first proper, government-produced paper money. This money was called jiaozi.
The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, 6._________(use) six colors of ink. The factories were located 7._________ Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper 8._________(discourage) counterfeiting. Early notes expired after three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire.
In 1265, the Song government introduced a 9._________ (true) national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold. It was available in denominations between one and one hundred strings of coins. This currency lasted only nine 10.________(year), however, because the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279.
答案
1.earliest 2.While 3.where 4.to take 5.issuing 6. using 7.in 8.to discourage 9.truly 10.years
翻译
纸币出现在十一世纪的宋朝，比最早使用金属币晚了近20个世纪。虽然纸币更容易大量携带，但使用纸币也有风险——假币和通货膨胀。
在宋朝的初期，政府开设了专门的存款行，人们在那里可以把金属货币换成纸币。在11世纪，宋朝朝廷决定直接管控这个行业，发行了世界上第一个政府正式发行的纸币，这种纸币被称为“交子”。
宋朝建立了用木板印刷钞票的工厂，用六种颜色的墨水印刷钞票。这些工厂分别位于成都、杭州、惠州，每家工厂都在纸张中使用了不同的纤维，以防止造假。早期的纸币使用期限为三年，而且只能在宋朝的特定地区使用。
1265年，宋朝政府推出了一种真正的全国性货币，用单一标准印刷，在全国范围内使用，以金银为背书。它的面额在一到一百串铜钱之间。然而，这种货币只持续了九年，因为宋朝风雨飘摇，1279年宋朝被蒙古人推翻。
词汇解析
counterfeiting / ˈkaʊntəfɪtɪŋ /假币
inflation / ɪnˈfleɪʃn /n. 通货膨胀，通胀率
例：
Inflation is in double figures.
通货膨胀率达两位数。
Rising unemployment and high inflation.
上涨的失业率和高通胀。
license / ˈlaɪsns /vy. 许可；特许；发许可证给
deposit / dɪˈpɒzɪt /v. 储蓄；存放，寄存
discourage / dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ /v. 使泄气，使灰心；使打消念头，劝阻；阻碍
expire / ɪkˈspaɪə(r) /v. 到期，失效
例：
He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitor's visa expired.
访问签证到期后他在美国非法居住了5年。
When does your driving licence expire?
你的驾照什么时候到期？
denomination / dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn /n. 面额
