暑假作业（1）名词-2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语
一、填空题
1.I'm honored to invite you to attend the meaningful charity sale. Your early reply to confirm your _____(attend) will be highly appreciated.
2.Listening passively to others' ________(complain) could damage your image and give others the impression that you agree with them.
3.During that time, scientists believed that oral ________(communicate) was necessary for abstract thought.
4.China and Western countries may have different cultural _____(belief) about certain animals. But when it comes to pigs, we somehow reach an agreement that pigs are lazy, ugly, stupid and shameless.
5.Food varies from one area to another—sour and spicy _____(flavor) are common in Guizhou cuisine.
6.You wouldn't think that a few _____(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life.
7.The fact that he can't speak even one foreign language put him at a __________(advantage) when he travelled abroad alone.
8.Happiness lies not in the mere ________(possess) of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.
9.As a result of the rising prices on house in top cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, local governments launched ________(restrict) on house purchases last October.
10.With everything done, we felt a sense of _______________ (achieve).
二、阅读理解
While it's a common belief that money can't buy happiness Rachel Lapierre is proving otherwise by giving all of her money away.
The 56-year-old former beauty queen from Quebec won the Gagnant Lifetime Lottery in 2013, which means that she receives $1,000 every week—and she is going to keep receiving those payments for the rest of her life.
Instead of spending her fortune on lavish possessions, however, Lapierre uses all of her money for running a charity and helping the less fortunate.
"Money is money. When you're born you don't have anything," Lapierre told BBC in the video below. "And when you go, you go with nothing but your memories. You go with what you did here in life."
Fame and money are not strange to Lapierre, either—as a young woman, Lapierre attended modeling school so she could enter the Miss Quebec beauty competition. In 1982, at the age of 21, she won the competition and toured the country.
When she left her modeling lifestyle behind her, she started volunteering with humanitarian (人道主义的) organizations and working as a nurse so she could fulfill her desire to help people. Then, when she drew her winning numbers, she used the money to start her charity, Le Book Humanitaire. Though the organization also accepts donations, much of the funding has come out of Lapierre's wallet.
"We just try to promote good deeds. Good deeds can be so many things. It can be a bike, it can be food, it can be transport to go to the hospital. It can even be just listening to somebody on the phone because they are lonely, Lapierre said to the news outlet.
"I think happiness comes from the heart. It's nice to have a new home or car. It can be really fun—but you don't need that to be happy," she added.
1. What happens to Rachel Lapierre after she won the Gagnant Lifetime Lottery?
A. She can get a fixed regular income every week.
B. She loses interest in making money by herself.
C. She finds she can earn much more through charity.
D. She becomes crazy about spending the money.
2. How does Lapierre deal with the money?
A. Opening a private company.
B. Helping those in need.
C. Buying up expensive things.
D. Investigating the local families.
3. What kind of person is Rachel Lapierre?
A. Rich and brave.
B. Determined and strict.
C. Honest and cautious.
D. Selfless and kind.
4. What does Lapierre think of happiness?
A. It only depends on making lots of money.
B. It comes from fame and reputation.
C. It lies in our hearts.
D. It has something to do with the outside.
三、七选五
There's nothing more frustrating than a computer that operates at a snail's pace—especially when you have a mountain of work to do or deadlines approaching. ①_____ But there are still plenty of things you can do to speed things up.
Check for malware(恶意软件).
Make sure that malware, or a virus hasn't infected your computer. The symptoms include slow processing, a new home page on your web browser that you don't actively choose, or frequent messages saying that something is corrupt or flagging an error. ②_____
Close unused programs.
If you run too many programs at the same time, you'll overload the computer and slow its processing speed significantly. "Many users will close an application window via the red cross in the top right-hand comer; however, many applications will still be technically running." advises Mathew Porter, director at Kumo Digital. ③_____ Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to bring up the Task Manager. Then you'll see a list of programs you're currently running, along with how much memory each is using. Click on any application you aren't using and click "End Task" to free up some memory and make your computer faster.
Reboot (重启) regularly.
④_____ Who wants to wait for it to reboot in the morning? Problem is, when you don't restart a computer regularly, it can start behaving strangely and responding more slowly. "⑤_____" advises Christina Mullen, communications specialist at Your Local Security. So reboot regularly and make sure that you're actually shutting it down using the menu option, not just hitting the power button.
With the smart tricks above in your mind, treat your computer as an old friend, and your computer will never disappoint you.
A. It's tempting to put your computer to sleep at night instead of shutting it down.
B. Over time, your computer aging, it is bound to run a little slower than before.
C. This consumes valuable processing power, which in turn will slow down your computer.
D. Allowing your device to reboot is one of the easiest but most overlooked tricks for boosting its speed.
E. So you are supposed to have a good antivirus software, keep it up to date, and make sure it runs often.
F. It's easy to get right to work with a shake of the mouse, but that convenience will eventually cost you.
G. To find and close programs that you may not realize you are running, your Task Manager is your best friend.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Hungarian researcher won the Kӧrber European Science Prize 2020, ①________(earn) him a €1 million check for his research that could cure blindness. So far, his gene-based treatment ②________ (enter) clinical trials.
Professor Botond Roska has uncovered a gene-based treatment which reprograms cells in the human eye so that they can perform ③________ work of the light-sensitive receptors (感光受体) ④________ (need) for human vision, according to the Kӧrber Foundation that hands out the annual prize. ⑤________ (hopeful), the procedure will reactivate the retinas(视网膜) of the blind.
The medical scientist said that, for the time being, the process creates a level of vision similar ⑥________ watching television in black and white. Clinical tests on blind volunteers are already underway as a result of the researcher's ⑦________ (create) treatments.
"Roska's research has woken up hope that new treatment methods might recover the ⑧________ (able) to see in the blind," said Hamburg Mayor Peter Tschentscher at the ceremony.
The Kӧrber Foundation's prize was first awarded in 1985, and it recognizes scientists ⑨________ work has applied new techniques to life sciences and physical sciences. The 2019 winner of the prize ⑩________ (be) German artificial intelligence scientist Bernhard Schӧlkopf of the Max Planck Society.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案:attendance
解析:句意:我很荣幸邀请您参加这次有意义的慈善义卖。如果您早日回复来确认您的参与,我将不胜感激。空处作动词confirm的宾语应填名词形式。attendance表示出席,参加,到场。
2.答案:complaints
解析:考查词性转换和名词的单复数。句意为:被动地听别人的抱怨可能会损害你的形象并会给别人留下你赞同他们(的观点)的印象。名词所有格others'后应跟名词complaint,意为抱怨,complaint是可数名词,根据others可知,此处应用complaint的复数形式。故填complaints。
3.答案:communication
解析:考查名词。句意为:在那期间,科学家们认为口头交流对抽象思维来说是必要的。oral是形容词,其后应接名词; oral communication意为“口头交流”。故填communication。
4.答案:beliefs
解析:belief表示“信仰”时是可数名词,语境表示不同的文化信仰,故应用复数形式。
5.答案:flavors
解析:此处表示贵州菜的口味多为酸和辣。根据空前的"sour and spicy"可知,此处指"酸和辣"两种口味,应使用名词复数,故填flavors。
6.答案:months
解析:句意:你不会认为在你十几岁的时候几个月的锻炼对你的余生来说已经足够了。a few应修饰可数名词的复数,故填入months。
7.答案:disadvantage
解析:考查名词。句意为:他连一门外语都不会说,这一事实使他在独自出国旅行时处于不利地位。at a disadvantage意为"处于不利的境地",符合句意。故填disadvantage。
8.答案:possession
解析:考查名词。句意为:幸福不在于仅仅拥有金钱;它在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。in possession of是固定短语,意为“拥有”。故填possession。
9.答案:restrictions
解析:考查词性转换和名词的单复数。句意为:由于北京和上海之类的一线城市的房价的上涨,去年10月地方政府推出了购房限制（政策）。此处应用名词作"launched"的宾语； restriction是可数名词,根据"house purchases"可知,此处应用其复数形式。故填restrictions。
10.答案:achievement
解析:考查名词。句意:每一件事都完成了,我们感到一种成就感。a sense of +名词,意为“一种……的感觉”,此空用名词形式。故填achievement。
二、答案:1-4 ABDC
解析:1.【命题意图】本题考查考生查找文章具体信息的能力。【解题思路】细节理解题。由文章第二段的内容可知,雷切尔•拉皮埃尔在2013年赢得了加格南特的终身彩票,这意味着她每周可以得到1,000美元,而且她将在余生中继续得到这些钱,即她每周都能得到固定的收入。故选A。
2.【命题意图】本题考查考生查找文章具体信息的能力。 【解题思路】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知,拉皮埃尔没有把她的财富花在奢华的私人物品上,而是把她所有的钱都用于慈善事业和帮助那些不幸的人。故选B。
3.【命题意图】本题考查考生推理、综合、判断能力。【解题思路】推理判断题。由全文内容可知,雷切尔•拉皮埃尔积极从事志愿者工作,并把自己赢得的所有的钱都用于慈善事业,由此可推出她是一位无私、善良的人。
4.【命题意图】本题考查考生推理、综合、判断能力。【解题思路】细节理解题。结合全文文意,尤其是文章首段以及最后两段的内容可知,雷切尔•拉皮埃尔认为幸福来自内心,她捐出所有的钱是因为她认为金钱是买不到幸福的。故选C。
三、答案:①-⑤ BEGAD
解析:①【命题意图】本题考查过渡延伸句和结构分析。
【解题思路】此段引出话题,电脑运行速度会变慢。空处补充前一句进一步说明随着时间的推移,你的电脑老化,它一定会比以前运行得慢一些。
②【命题意图】本题考查段末总结句和段落理解。
【解题思路】此空位于段尾。此段前部分讲电脑被恶意软件或病毒攻击所产生的一系列问题,所以此处应该是如何去解决问题—安装杀毒软件,让它保持最新,并确保它经常运行。 SO是末尾句常见的标志。
③【命题意图】本题考查承上启下过渡句和结构分析。
【解题思路】此空位于段中,通常起到承上启下的作用。空前说明许多用户通过右上角的红十字按钮关闭应用程序窗口;然而,许用程序严格说来仍然在运行。此处应对上面的问题,提出解决方法,G项符合语境。G项中的your Task Manager与后文Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to bring up the Task Manager,照应起来。
④【命题意图】本题考查段首大意句和信息整合能力。
【解题思路】此空位于段首,由本段话题Reboot regularly.可判断段是讲与关机有关的话题,而且由后面一句Who wants to wait for it to reboot in the morning?可知许多人晚上睡觉不关闭电脑是为了省去早上开机的麻烦。所以A项符合此处语境。
⑤【命题意图】本题考查过渡延伸句和结构分析。
【解题思路】空前讲不定期重启电脑,电脑会运转失常,反应变慢。所以此处重启电脑是最简单也是最容易被人忽视的技巧之一。
四、答案:earning; has entered; the; needed; Hopefully; to; creative; ability; whose; was
解析:本文是一篇说明文、匈牙利研究人员Botond Roska因其治愈失明的基因疗法研究荣获2020年的Kӧrber欧洲科学奖。
①考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词won,且无连词,再结合句意"一名匈牙利研究人员荣获2020年的Kӧrber欧洲科学奖,为他治愈失明的研究赢得了一张100万欧元的支票"可得出,此处应用现在分词作状语,故填earning。
②考查时态。到目前为止,他的基于基因的(视力恢复)疗法已经进入临床试验阶段。根据句中的时间状语So far可知,空处应用现在完成时;又因该句的主语his gene-based treatment是单数,且与动词enter是主谓关系,故填has entered。
③考查冠词。Roska教授发现了一种基于基因的治疗方法,这种方法可以重组人眼中的细胞,使它们能够发挥人类视觉所需的感光受体的作用。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应填写冠词the,表特指。
④考查非谓语动词。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处用动词的非谓语形式作后置定语,修饰receptors;且receptors和need是逻辑上的动宾关系,故空处填写need的过去分词needed。
⑤考查副词。希望这项手术能重新激活盲人的视网膜。分析句子结构可知,空处用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,故填写Hopefully。
⑥考查介词。这位医学科学家说,就目前而言,这一过程产生的视觉效果类似于看黑白电视。similar to是固定搭配,意为"与……相似"。
⑦考查形容词。作为研究人员创造性治疗的结果,对盲人志愿者的临床测试已经在进行中。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用形容词来修饰后面的名词treatments,故空处填写creative。
⑧考查名词。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处是作recover的宾语并由定冠词the修饰,故应填写名词ability。 the ability to do sth."做某事的能力"。
⑨考查定语从句。Kӧrber基金会的奖项于1985年首次颁发,表彰那些将新技术应用于生命科学和自然科学的科学家。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词scientists指人,且此处表示所属关系,故此处填写whose。
⑩考查时态。根据句意和句中的"The 2019"可知,空处应用一般过去时,且该句的主语The 2019 winner of the prize为单数,故空处填写was。
