暑假作业（5）动词的时态和语态
2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语
一、填空题
1.He was ________(原谅)by his parents after apologizing to them.
2.More time _______________(保留) for exercise from next term on.
3.Many flights _______________ (耽误) due to the storm last night.
4.Thanks to the new technology, costs ________ (reduce) by 20% over the past year.
5.My camera ________(damage) to such an extent yesterday that it could not be repaired.
6.The library which ________(build) at the moment will be completed by the end of the year.
7.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting __________(exhibit) at the culture show of the Shanghai World Expo.
8.Alice left the company half a month ago. Her work __________(leave) unfinished since.
9.It is anticipated(预计) that more efforts __________(make) to control the housing prices and combat(防止) illegal sales in the coming months.
10.The nine coal miners __________(trap) in the coal mine for nearly 20 hours before we finally came to their rescue.
二、阅读理解
In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for short, silent, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station. These images were dimly projected onto white sheets. Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes.
Moving images at theatres are now no longer novel, but back at the beginning of the art form, surprises lurked around every corner. During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.
Today, people crowd into theatres for the latest 3D movies. Even older movies, such as the popular Star Wars series, are being re-released in 3D. Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic.
What will movies be like 100 years from now? Will audience be able to smell scents in the films, taste the food that characters are eating, or even become part of the stories themselves? Only time will tell.
1. What can we know about the motion pictures in early 20th century France?
A. They were in color.
B. They were not real shot.
C. They greatly appealed to people then.
D. They were often accompanied by background music.
2. Why did the author mention moviegoers leaping out of their seats?
A. To show how foolish audiences were.
B. To show how different old theaters were.
C. To show how scary movies in the past were.
D. To show how unfamiliar people were with movies at that time.
3. Why do theatres spend a lot on high-quality audio systems?
A. To re-release more old movies. B. To develop movie-making technologies.
C. To improve movie-goers' experience. D. To get audience involved in the story.
4. What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To explain how realistic movies are today. B. To tell something about future movie plans.
C. To introduce the history of movie technology. D. To compare movie theatres over the last century.
三、七选五
Every person on the planet communicates in some fashion. And one of the hardest things to do when you're communicating with someone is express yourself. After all, words have the power of life and death, especially in relationships. ①________
If you have a fear of people, people will avoid you. It's a vicious cycle (恶性循环). You avoid people because you fear that they will hurt you. When people see your coldness, they either think that you are stuck-up (傲慢的), or satisfy your desire and leave you alone. ②________ You'll have a hard time getting close to them when you bottle everything up inside. Your relationships will all be shallow.
Your inability to express yourself will haunt(困扰) you in time of trouble. You'll need help, and you'll want help, but you won't seek it. You'll hide. So, no one helps you. Then you grow bitter and angry. What's more, it can cause isolation. You build walls around your emotions and people consequently leave you alone. Gradually, your life will be empty. Life is relationships. ③________
Reading will help you learn how other people express themselves. Pay attention to word usage, diction(措辞), flow, voice and tones. These will give your ideas of expressing yourself. ④________ They'll provide you with many ways of expressing your emotions and help you express yourself better.
Besides, you can do some writing on your own. Start a novel. Write letters. Keep a journal or diary. You'll find that writing helps you to sort through your thoughts. Writing gives you focus and direction.
⑤________ You can't catch it from someone who has it. It is the spiritual state of mind that is the direct result of fear. There is really only one type of fear and that is the fear of the unknown. Don't fear what other people think about you. Honestly, your imagination will create far worse imagination than what most people will ever think.
A. Social anxiety is not a disease.
B. That will make them feel needed.
C. So it is important that you learn to express yourself.
D. All these factors have some relationship to happiness.
E. Look up words that you've never seen before and use them.
F. The stronger your relationships are, the more joy you'll have in life.
G. When you can't open up to people, they will feel that you are unapproachable.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ancient architecture in China stands out ①________ its fine wooden structures, elegant outside, and beautiful decoration. To survive the frequent floods and other natural disasters, wood ②________ (prefer) for most architectural structures in ancient China. China's ③________ (tradition) wooden structures were quite complicatedly formed, sometimes without any nails! Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also ④________ (wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various ⑤________ (feature), such as overhanging caves (屋檐), upturned roof comers, and different shapes of roofs. The unique outside not only satisfied a practical function, but also made ⑥________ possible for the buildings to have wonderful appearances. Architects in ancient China, ⑦________ paid special attention to decoration, used different colors or paintings according to particular building functions or local customs. Carved beams, painted rafters(椽子), various patterns, carved boards and wall paintings were used ⑧________ (add) a colorful and beautiful style to the inside. ⑨________ outside was decorated with stone lions, screen walls, decorative columns and flowers. Many ancient buildings ⑩________ (design) by famous architects attract a number of tourists every year.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：forgiven/excused
解析：考查被动语态。句意：他向父母道歉后，他们原谅了他。结合汉语提示可知，forgive/excuse“原谅”,动词，符合题意；分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词使用了一般过去时的被动语态：was done，所以空处需用过去分词forgiven/excused。故填forgiven/excused。
2.答案：will be set aside
3.答案：were held up
4.答案：have been reduced
5.答案：was damaged
6.答案：is being built
7.答案：were exhibited
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:上海世博会的文化展展示了像剪纸等天津的传统民间艺术。主语"Traditional folk arts of Tianjin"是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式;且主语与exhibit之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;再结合句意可知,此处表示过去发生的事情,因此应用一般过去时。故填were exhibited。
8.答案：has been left
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:Alice半个月前离开了公司。她的工作自那以后一直没有完成。根据"since"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语"Her work"与动词leave之间是被动关系,应用其被动语态;且主语"Her work"是单数,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填has been left。
9.答案：will be made
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:预计未来几个月(政府)将采取更多措施控制房价,以防止非法销售。根据时间状语"in the coming months"可知,此处应用一般将来时;且主语"more efforts"与动词make之间是被动关系,应用其被动语态。故填will be made。
10.答案：had been trapped
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:在我们最终来解救他们之前,这9名矿工已经在煤矿里被困了将近20个小时。根据句意可知,"trap"这个动作发生在"came to their rescue"之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时;且主语"The nine coal miners"与动词trap之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填had been trapped。
二、11.答案：1-4 CDCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知,电影刚出来时,人们争相去电影院,这种娱乐形式风靡一时。
2.推理判断题。第二段第一句是该段的主题句,后面具体的例子都是为了说明“现在看电影不新鲜,但在那个时候可是状况百出”,即那时候人们对电影比较陌生。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,影院投人大量的资金对观影系统进行升级,目的是让画面更真实,提升观众的观影感。
4.推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了电影技术的发展历程。
三、答案：CGFEA
解析：本文主要介绍了害怕或不善于向他人表达自己的想法、情感的危害以及几条有助于更好地向他人表达自己的想法、情感的建议。
①" After all, words have the power of life and death, especially in relationships"与C项为因果关系。
② 空后句子中的"you bottle everything up inside"和G选项中的"you can't open up to people"相吻合。
③空格前的"Life is relationships"强调人际关系的重要性,F项与该句间为递进关系。F项进一步道出了人际关系带来的好处。
④空后一句中的They指代E项中的words that you've never seen before,空后一句中的provide you with many ways of expressing your emotions and help you express yourself better是words that you've never seen before能起到的作用。
⑤ A项中的is not a disease(不是一种疾病)与空后一句中的You can't catch it (你不会患上它)照应。
四、答案：for ; was preferred ; traditional ; widely ; features ; it ; who ; to add ; The; designed
解析： 中国古代建筑因其精美的木制结构、典雅的外部轮廓和美丽的装饰而闻名。本文简单介绍了中国古代建筑的这三个特点。
①考查介词。句意:中国古代建筑因其精美的木制结构、典雅的外部轮廓和美丽的装饰而闻名。所填介词表示原因,故用for。
②考查动词的时态和语态。wood是句子的主语,空格处所填词作谓语, wood与prefer之间是动宾关系,且此处指过去的情况,故空格处填was preferred。
③考查形容词。所填词在句中作定语,修饰wooden structures,表示"传统的",故应用形容词traditional。
④考查副词。空格处所填词修饰动词praised,表示"广泛地",故应用副词widely。
⑤考查名词的数。feature作"特征,特点"讲时为可数名词,此处表示"各种不同的特点",feature应用复数形式。
⑥考查固定结构。it在这里作形式宾语,此处所涉及的知识点为"make it + adj. /n. + for sb./sth. to do sth."结构。
⑦考查非限制性定语从句。空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为architects,且引导词在从句中作主语,故填who。
⑧考查非谓语动词。 be used to do sth.表示"被用于做某事",不定式作目的状语。
⑨考查冠词。The outside与前一句中的the inside照应,此处填入定冠词The表示特指。
⑩考查非谓语动词。design与 Many ancient buildings为动宾关系,非谓语所表示动作已完成,故用过去分词designed。
