暑假作业（6）形容词和副词
2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语
一、填空题
1.Some may think the more ______(独立)you are, the better your life will be.
2.His _______(慷慨的)offer greatly reduced our stress and anxiety.
3.May people are entirely _______(未意识到) of the amount of energy they have consumed.
4.As we all know, a _______ (balance) diet is of great use for our health.
5.The Peking Opera performance last night was really _______(impress).
6.We'd better build up the speed of economic development ______(逐渐) and steadily.
7.________ (theory) speaking, your suggestion is practical.
8.He's more a talker than a doer. That is _____________ he never finishes anything.
9.The town was ________ damaged in the floods. (severe)
10.Forgiveness is possible—and it can be _________(surprising) beneficial to your physical and mental health.
二、阅读理解
Two vaccines (疫苗) developed by a Maryland company are showing promise in the fight against malaria (疟疾). One vaccine was 100 percent effective in preventing the deadly disease malaria.
Malaria is a disease caused by parasites (寄生虫) and carried by mosquitoes. Parasites are organisms that live on or in an organism of another species and feed off it or get protection from it. Mosquitoes spread the disease to people by biting on their skin.
The World Health Organization says there are 214 million cases of malaria each year. And the deadly disease kills over 400,000 people a year worldwide.
People who have malaria often have a fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Serious complications happen, including death, when the disease is left untreated
The new vaccines work by preparing the immune system to fight the disease. Researchers do this by introducing live, but weakened, young parasites called sporozoites. They are injected into the body by infected mosquitoes. Both vaccines target Plasmodium falciparum (恶性疟原虫) which is the most common and deadly form of the disease. More successful experiments of the two trials were carried out in Germany. Different amounts of the vaccine were injected into 27 healthy people who volunteered for the study. Another group of 15 was given a placebo, which is a substance given to a patient like a drug, but it has no physical effect on the person. Eight to 10 weeks after the last vaccine amount, both groups were then exposed to the parasites that carried the malaria.
Stephen Hoffman is chief executive and scientific officer of Sanaria. He says the researchers were surprised by the results from nine of the people who received the highest vaccine amount. "We got 100% protection against malaria at ten weeks after the last amount of the vaccine. That is really beginning to look like something quite extraordinary and that's never been done before."
1. When do people probably catch malaria?
A. After their skin was damaged. B. After parasites get into their bodies.
C. Before they have flu-like illness. D. Before their food was polluted by mosquitoes.
2. How do the new vaccines function to fight malaria?
A. By killing parasites in the mosquitoes.
B. By getting rid of most of the mosquitoes.
C. By restarting the immune system of the parasites.
D. By injecting weakened parasites into people's body.
3. How did the researchers carry out their test?
A. By comparison. B. By analysis. C. By observation. D. By discussion.
4. How does Stephen Hoffman think of the experiment effect of the vaccine?
A. Remarkable. B. Unpredictable. C. Unsatisfactory. D. Unreasonable.
三、七选五
Many campers love to plan their trips during autumn. ①_________ Whether you are camping alone, with family or with your friends, autumn offers lots of activities that make your outdoor adventure more fun! Here are some autumn camping tips to make your trip more memorable.
Schedule your time in case of the cool weather. Even though summer just ended, you should be prepared for cool weather. ②_________ It could be hot and sunny during the day, but very cold once the sun goes down. You wouldn't want your trip to be ruined because you keep waking up in the early morning due to cold weather.
Schedule your cooking time. An important thing to keep in mind is that the days are shorter during cool seasons. More importantly, food takes longer time to cook when the weather is cold. So schedule your cooking time to make sure that you enjoy your meal time. ③_________
Be careful with bears. Any camper knows that it is quite important to protect himself from bears and other wildlife. ④_________ Wildlife becomes more active around this time.
⑤_________ There are lots of apple trees in the country where you camp. If you're lucky enough to have one near your campsite, consider apple picking during the day. To get even more fun during autumn, you can also choose to go pumpkin picking. You can also bring your own pumpkins to carve around the campfire! The kids will love it.
A. Go apple or pumpkin picking.
B. Collect colourful leaves from trees.
C. Autumn weather is very unpredictable.
D. So we must be extra careful during autumn.
E. Be sure you cook dinner and clean up before the sun goes down.
F. All the animals wake up and are very hungry at this time of the year.
G. There are plenty of fun activities you can enjoy during your camping trip.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the third century BC, the full stop(句号) ①_________(introduce) by Greek literary critic Aristophanes. It is used ②_________ (show) the end of a sentence. However, the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s, ③_________ interpret it as a sign of anger. And there is a reason for that.
The younger generation has grown up using texts as their primary means of communication. When sending messages, they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as ④_________ separate message, instead of using a full stop. They feel the full stop once ⑤_________ (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.
David Crystal, one of the world's leading language ⑥_________ (expert) , argues that the usage of full stops is being revised in a really fundamental way. In his book, he says that the full stop has become an emotion marker that ⑦_________ (remind) the receiver that the sender is angry or ⑧_________ (annoy).
Though the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger generation, specialists note that it is important to take language environment ⑨_________ account. For example, using full stops in an email is ⑩_________ (perfect) acceptable and is not considered rude.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案:independent
解析:考查形容词。句意:有些人可能认为你越独立,你的生活就会越好。空处需用形容词作表语；结合汉语提示可知,independent独立的,形容词,符合题意。故填independent。
2.答案:generous
解析:考查形容词。句意:他的慷慨相助大大减轻了我们的压力和焦虑。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词offer；结合汉语提示可知,generous慷慨的,形容词作定语,符合题意。故填generous。
3.答案:unaware/unconscious
解析:考查形容词。句意:可能人们完全没有意识到他们消耗了多少能量。结合汉语提示可知,unaware/unconscious未意识到的,形容词作表语,符合题意。故填unaware/unconscious。
4.答案:balanced
解析:考查形容词。句意:众所周知,均衡饮食对我们的健康很有用。此处需要填入balance（平衡）的形容词形式balanced（平衡的）作定语。故填balanced。
5.答案:impressive
解析:考查形容词。句意:昨晚的京剧表演确实令人印象深刻。impress（给……留下深刻印象）是动词,此处需要填入impress的形容词形式impressive（给人深刻印象的）作表语。故填impressive。
6.答案:gradually
解析:考查副词。句意:我们最好逐步稳步地加快经济发展速度。根据空后and steadily和汉语提示可知,gradually逐渐地,副词作状语,符合题意。故填gradually。
7.答案:Theoretically
解析:考查副词。句意:从理论上讲,你的建议是可行的。“副词+speaking”是固定结构,在句子中作状语,意为“……说”。theory的副词是theoretically（理论上）。故填Theoretically。
8.答案:why
解析:考查表语从句。句意:他说得多,做得少。那就是为什么他从未完成任何事情。根据句意可知,本空应用连接副词why引导表语从句。
9.答案:severely
10.答案:surprsingly
解析:考查副词。句意为:宽恕是可能的——而且它会对你的身心健康有意想不到的好处。此处应用副词surprisingly修饰形容词beneficial。故填surprisingly。
二、答案:1-4 BDAA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知, 疟疾由寄生虫引起,蚊子携带寄生虫,蚊子叮咬皮肤时寄生虫进人体内传播疾病。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知,科学家通过被感染的蚊子,把这种活的但虚弱的小寄生虫注入人体内,以此增强免疫系统来抵抗疟疾。
3.推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知,实验把志愿者分为两组,一组注射疫苗,一组使用安慰剂。然后让他们接触疟疾,对比感染情况。由此可知研究者采用的是对比的方法。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知,该疫苗能百分之百预防疟疾,实验的效果非常突出。
三、答案:GCEDA
解析:这是一篇指导性说明文,介绍了一些让秋季露营更有趣的小贴士。
①空格前一句讲计划秋游,空格后讲增添秋游快乐的活动并提出一些建议。可见此处应该填与活动有关的选项。与秋游活动有关的选项有A(摘果)、B(采叶)、E(野炊)、G(娱乐)四项,再进一步分析,选项A,B、E都是具体的活动,选项G为总述,结合第一段所起到的总括作用可知,应选G。
②根据此段主题句"Schedule your time in case of the cool weather"以及下文中出现的与天气有关的信息可以确定答案。此题较容易,考生要注意单词unpredictable"不可预测的"正好对应信息句"It could be hot and sunny during the day, but very cold once the sun goes down"。
③由本段主题句"Schedule your cooking time"可知,本段内容与安排烹调时间有关,对比选项应选E。
④考生因为下一句"Wildlife becomes more active around this time"的信息易错选F。All the animals是笼统概念,与本段主题句"Be careful with bears"中的具体动物bears不是同一概念。结合常识可知,野生动物对游客有威胁,故在秋游时游客应增强安全保护意识。
⑤此题较容易,直接根据文中关键词"apple" "pumpkin"就可确定A项为正确答案。
四、答案:was introduced; to show; who; a; used; experts; reminds; annoyed; into; perfectly
解析: 本文主要介绍了现今句号的一些使用情况。
①考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语In the third century BC可知,此处谓语应用一般过去时,主语the full stop和introduce之间为动宾关系,故填was introduced。
②考查非谓语动词。 be used to do sth.为固定用法,意为"被用来做某事",故填to show。
③考查定语从句。空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语,先行词指人,故填关系代词who。
④考查冠词。此处泛指"一条独立的信息",且separate的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
⑤ 考查非谓语动词。 the full stop和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示过去的动作,故填used。
⑥考查名词的数。expert意为"专家",是可数名词,one of后面须加可数名词的复数形式,故填experts。
⑦考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示一般情况,谓语应使用一般现在时。主语that为第三人称单数形式,且与remind为主谓关系,故填reminds。
⑧考查形容词。所填词表示人的感受,意为"感到生气的",故用-ed形容词annoyed。
⑨考查介词。take sth. into account为固定搭配,意为"考虑到某事物",故填into。
⑩考查副词。所填词修饰形容词acceptable,故应用副词perfectly。
